sync: reduce contention in watch channel (#5464)

tokio/src/runtime/context.rs

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ tokio_thread_local! {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "macros")]
+#[cfg(any(feature = "macros", all(feature = "sync", feature = "rt")))]
 pub(crate) fn thread_rng_n(n: u32) -> u32 {
     CONTEXT.with(|ctx| ctx.rng.fastrand_n(n))
 }

tokio/src/sync/watch.rs

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ use crate::sync::notify::Notify;
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed;
 use crate::loom::sync::{Arc, RwLock, RwLockReadGuard};
+use std::fmt;
 use std::mem;
 use std::ops;
 use std::panic;
@@ -166,7 +167,6 @@ impl<'a, T> Ref<'a, T> {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
 struct Shared<T> {
     /// The most recent value.
     value: RwLock<T>,
@@ -181,12 +181,24 @@ struct Shared<T> {
     ref_count_rx: AtomicUsize,
 
     /// Notifies waiting receivers that the value changed.
-    notify_rx: Notify,
+    notify_rx: big_notify::BigNotify,
 
     /// Notifies any task listening for `Receiver` dropped events.
     notify_tx: Notify,
 }
 
+impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Shared<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let state = self.state.load();
+        f.debug_struct("Shared")
+            .field("value", &self.value)
+            .field("version", &state.version())
+            .field("is_closed", &state.is_closed())
+            .field("ref_count_rx", &self.ref_count_rx)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
 pub mod error {
     //! Watch error types.
 
@@ -221,6 +233,62 @@ pub mod error {
     impl std::error::Error for RecvError {}
 }
 
+mod big_notify {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::sync::notify::Notified;
+
+    // To avoid contention on the lock inside the `Notify`, we store multiple
+    // copies of it. Then, we use either circular access or randomness to spread
+    // out threads over different `Notify` objects.
+    //
+    // Some simple benchmarks show that randomness performs slightly better than
+    // circular access (probably due to contention on `next`), so we prefer to
+    // use randomness when Tokio is compiled with a random number generator.
+    //
+    // When the random number generator is not available, we fall back to
+    // circular access.
+
+    pub(super) struct BigNotify {
+        #[cfg(not(all(not(loom), feature = "sync", any(feature = "rt", feature = "macros"))))]
+        next: AtomicUsize,
+        inner: [Notify; 8],
+    }
+
+    impl BigNotify {
+        pub(super) fn new() -> Self {
+            Self {
+                #[cfg(not(all(
+                    not(loom),
+                    feature = "sync",
+                    any(feature = "rt", feature = "macros")
+                )))]
+                next: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+                inner: Default::default(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        pub(super) fn notify_waiters(&self) {
+            for notify in &self.inner {
+                notify.notify_waiters();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// This function implements the case where randomness is not available.
+        #[cfg(not(all(not(loom), feature = "sync", any(feature = "rt", feature = "macros"))))]
+        pub(super) fn notified(&self) -> Notified<'_> {
+            let i = self.next.fetch_add(1, Relaxed) % 8;
+            self.inner[i].notified()
+        }
+
+        /// This function implements the case where randomness is available.
+        #[cfg(all(not(loom), feature = "sync", any(feature = "rt", feature = "macros")))]
+        pub(super) fn notified(&self) -> Notified<'_> {
+            let i = crate::runtime::context::thread_rng_n(8) as usize;
+            self.inner[i].notified()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 use self::state::{AtomicState, Version};
 mod state {
     use crate::loom::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
@@ -320,7 +388,7 @@ pub fn channel<T>(init: T) -> (Sender<T>, Receiver<T>) {
         value: RwLock::new(init),
         state: AtomicState::new(),
         ref_count_rx: AtomicUsize::new(1),
-        notify_rx: Notify::new(),
+        notify_rx: big_notify::BigNotify::new(),
         notify_tx: Notify::new(),
     });
 

tokio/src/util/rand.rs

@@ -135,7 +135,11 @@ impl FastRand {
         old_seed
     }
 
-    #[cfg(any(feature = "macros", feature = "rt-multi-thread"))]
+    #[cfg(any(
+        feature = "macros",
+        feature = "rt-multi-thread",
+        all(feature = "sync", feature = "rt")
+    ))]
     pub(crate) fn fastrand_n(&self, n: u32) -> u32 {
         // This is similar to fastrand() % n, but faster.
         // See https://lemire.me/blog/2016/06/27/a-fast-alternative-to-the-modulo-reduction/