chore: prepare bytes v1.10.1 (#774)

Co-authored-by: Alice Ryhl <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Michal 'vorner' Vaner <[email protected]>

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 2 * * 0'
 
 env:
   RUSTFLAGS: -Dwarnings
   RUST_BACKTRACE: 1
-  nightly: nightly-2022-11-12
+  nightly: nightly-2024-09-15
 
 defaults:
   run:
@@ -23,11 +25,11 @@ jobs:
     name: rustfmt
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Install Rust
-      run: rustup update stable && rustup default stable
+      run: rustup update stable
     - name: Check formatting
-      run: cargo fmt --all -- --check
+      run: cargo fmt --all --check
 
   # TODO
   # # Apply clippy lints
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
   #   name: clippy
   #   runs-on: ubuntu-latest
   #   steps:
-  #   - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+  #   - uses: actions/checkout@v4
   #   - name: Apply clippy lints
   #     run: cargo clippy --all-features
 
@@ -48,11 +50,11 @@ jobs:
     name: minrust
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Install Rust
-        run: rustup update 1.39.0 && rustup default 1.39.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install cargo-hack
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-hack
       - name: Check
-        run: . ci/test-stable.sh check
+        run: cargo hack check --feature-powerset --optional-deps --rust-version
 
   # Stable
   stable:
@@ -61,73 +63,109 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os:
           - ubuntu-latest
+          - ubuntu-22.04-arm # TODO: update to 24.04 when https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/135867 solved
           - macos-latest
           - windows-latest
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Install Rust
         # --no-self-update is necessary because the windows environment cannot self-update rustup.exe.
-        run: rustup update stable --no-self-update && rustup default stable
+        run: rustup update stable --no-self-update
+      - name: Install cargo-hack
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-hack
       - name: Test
-        run: . ci/test-stable.sh test
+        run: ci/test-stable.sh test
 
   # Nightly
   nightly:
     name: nightly
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Install Rust
         run: rustup update $nightly && rustup default $nightly
+      - name: Install cargo-hack
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-hack
       - name: Test
-        run: . ci/test-stable.sh test
+        run: ci/test-stable.sh test
+
+  panic-abort:
+    name: panic=abort tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: rustup update $nightly && rustup default $nightly
+      - name: Run tests with -Cpanic=abort
+        run: ci/panic-abort.sh
 
   # Run tests on some extra platforms
   cross:
     name: cross
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        target:
-          - i686-unknown-linux-gnu
-          - armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
-          - powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu
-          - powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu
-          - wasm32-unknown-unknown
+        include:
+          - target: i686-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+          - target: armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf
+            os: ubuntu-22.04-arm # TODO: update to 24.04 when https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/135867 solved
+          - target: powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+          - target: powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+          - target: wasm32-wasip1
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: rustup update stable
+      - uses: taiki-e/setup-cross-toolchain-action@v1
+        with:
+          target: ${{ matrix.target }}
+      - name: Test
+        run: cargo test --target ${{ matrix.target }}
+
+  # Build for no_std environment.
+  no-std:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Install Rust
-        run: rustup update stable && rustup default stable
-      - name: cross build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
-        run: |
-          cargo install cross
-          cross build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
-        if: matrix.target != 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
-      # WASM support
-      - name: cargo build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
-        run: |
-          rustup target add ${{ matrix.target }}
-          cargo build --target ${{ matrix.target }}
-        if: matrix.target == 'wasm32-unknown-unknown'
+        run: rustup update stable
+      - name: Install cargo-hack
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-hack
+      # thumbv6m-none-eabi supports atomic, but not atomic CAS.
+      # thumbv7m-none-eabi supports atomic CAS.
+      - run: rustup target add thumbv6m-none-eabi thumbv7m-none-eabi
+      # * --optional-deps is needed for serde feature
+      # * --no-dev-deps is needed to avoid https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/4866
+      - run: cargo hack build --target thumbv7m-none-eabi --feature-powerset --skip std,default --optional-deps --no-dev-deps
+      # A sound way to provide atomic CAS on platforms without native atomic CAS is system-dependent.
+      # portable-atomic provides major ways via cfgs and accepts user-defined implementations via critical-section feature.
+      - run: cargo hack build --target thumbv6m-none-eabi --feature-powerset --skip std,default --optional-deps --no-dev-deps --features extra-platforms,extra-platforms/critical-section
 
   # Sanitizers
   tsan:
     name: tsan
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Install Rust
         run: rustup update $nightly && rustup default $nightly
       - name: Install rust-src
         run: rustup component add rust-src
       - name: ASAN / TSAN
-        run: . ci/tsan.sh
+        run: ci/tsan.sh
+
   miri:
     name: miri
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Rust
+        run: rustup update $nightly && rustup default $nightly
       - name: Miri
         run: ci/miri.sh
 
@@ -136,7 +174,7 @@ jobs:
     name: loom
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Install Rust
         run: rustup update $nightly && rustup default $nightly
       - name: Loom tests
@@ -152,10 +190,11 @@ jobs:
       - minrust
       - cross
       - tsan
+      - miri
       - loom
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Install Rust
         run: rustup update $nightly && rustup default $nightly
       - name: Build documentation

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,8 +1,140 @@
+# 1.10.1 (March 5th, 2025)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix memory leak when using `to_vec` with `Bytes::from_owner` (#773)
+
+# 1.10.0 (February 3rd, 2025)
+
+### Added
+
+- Add feature to support platforms without atomic CAS (#467)
+- `try_get_*` methods for `Buf` trait (#753)
+- Implement `Buf::chunks_vectored` for `Take` (#617)
+- Implement `Buf::chunks_vectored` for `VecDeque<u8>` (#708)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Remove incorrect guarantee for `chunks_vectored` (#754)
+- Ensure that tests pass under `panic=abort` (#749)
+
+# 1.9.0 (November 27, 2024)
+
+### Added
+
+- Add `Bytes::from_owner` to enable externally-allocated memory (#742)
+
+### Documented
+
+- Fix typo in Buf::chunk() comment (#744)
+
+### Internal changes
+
+- Replace BufMut::put with BufMut::put_slice in Writer impl (#745)
+- Rename hex_impl! to fmt_impl! and reuse it for fmt::Debug (#743)
+
+# 1.8.0 (October 21, 2024)
+
+- Guarantee address in `split_off`/`split_to` for empty slices (#740)
+
+# 1.7.2 (September 17, 2024)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- Fix default impl of `Buf::{get_int, get_int_le}` (#732)
+
+### Documented
+
+- Fix double spaces in comments and doc comments (#731)
+
+### Internal changes
+
+- Ensure BytesMut::advance reduces capacity (#728)
+
+# 1.7.1 (August 1, 2024)
+
+This release reverts the following change due to a regression:
+
+- Reuse capacity when possible in `<BytesMut as Buf>::advance` impl (#698)
+
+The revert can be found at #726.
+
+# 1.7.0 (July 31, 2024)
+
+### Added
+
+- Add conversion from `Bytes` to `BytesMut` (#695, #710)
+- Add reclaim method without additional allocation (#686)
+
+### Documented
+
+- Clarify how `BytesMut::zeroed` works (#714)
+- Clarify the behavior of `Buf::chunk` (#717)
+
+### Changed
+
+- Change length condition of `BytesMut::truncate`
+- Reuse capacity when possible in `<BytesMut as Buf>::advance` impl (#698)
+- Improve `must_use` suggestion of `BytesMut::split` (#699)
+
+### Internal changes
+
+- Use `ManuallyDrop` instead of `mem::forget` (#678)
+- Don't set `len` in `BytesMut::reserve` (#682)
+- Optimize `Bytes::copy_to_bytes` (#688)
+- Refactor `BytesMut::truncate` (#694)
+- Refactor `BytesMut::resize` (#696)
+- Reorder assertion in `Bytes::split_to`, `Bytes::split_off` (#689, #693)
+- Use `offset_from` in more places (#705)
+- Correct the wrong usage of `IntoIter` (#707)
+
+# 1.6.1 (July 13, 2024)
+
+This release fixes a bug where `Bytes::is_unique` returns incorrect values when
+the `Bytes` originates from a shared `BytesMut`. (#718)
+
+# 1.6.0 (March 22, 2024)
+
+### Added
+
+- Add `Bytes::is_unique` (#643)
+
+### Documented
+
+- Fix changelog typo (#628)
+- Fix some spelling mistakes (#633)
+- Typo fix (#637)
+- Fix broken links (#639)
+- Add security policy (#649)
+
+### Internal changes
+
+- Move comment to correct constant (#629)
+- Various cleanup (#635)
+- Simplify `UninitSlice::as_uninit_slice_mut()` logic (#644)
+- Use `self.` instead of `Self::` (#642)
+- `BytesMut`: Assert alignment of `Shared` (#652)
+- Remove unnecessary namespace qualifier (#660)
+- Remove an unnecessary else branch (#662)
+- Remove unreachable else branch (#661)
+- make parameter mut in `From<Vec>` (#667)
+- Restore commented tests (#665)
+- Use `sub` instead of `offset` (#668)
+- Calculate original capacity only if necessary (#666)
+- `set_vec_pos` does not need a second parameter (#672)
+- `get_vec_pos`: use `&self` instead of `&mut self` (#670)
+- Refactor `split_at`/`split_to` (#663)
+- Use `Iterator` from the prelude (#673)
+- `copy_to_bytes`: Add panic section to docs (#676)
+- Remove redundant reserve call (#674)
+- Use `ManuallyDrop` instead of `mem::forget` (#675)
+
+
 # 1.5.0 (September 7, 2023)
 
 ### Added
 
-- Add `UninitSlice::{new,init}` (#598, #599)
+- Add `UninitSlice::{new,uninit}` (#598, #599)
 - Implement `BufMut` for `&mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]` (#597)
 
 ### Changed

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ name = "bytes"
 # When releasing to crates.io:
 # - Update CHANGELOG.md.
 # - Create "v1.x.y" git tag.
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.10.1"
+edition = "2018"
+rust-version = "1.39"
 license = "MIT"
 authors = [
     "Carl Lerche <[email protected]>",
@@ -15,7 +17,6 @@ repository = "https://github.com/tokio-rs/bytes"
 readme = "README.md"
 keywords = ["buffers", "zero-copy", "io"]
 categories = ["network-programming", "data-structures"]
-edition = "2018"
 
 [features]
 default = ["std"]
@@ -23,12 +24,22 @@ std = []
 
 [dependencies]
 serde = { version = "1.0.60", optional = true, default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
+# Use portable-atomic crate to support platforms without atomic CAS.
+# See "no_std support" section in readme for more information.
+#
+# Enable require-cas feature to provide a better error message if the end user forgets to use the cfg or feature.
+extra-platforms = { package = "portable-atomic", version = "1.3", optional = true, default-features = false, features = ["require-cas"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 serde_test = "1.0"
 
 [target.'cfg(loom)'.dev-dependencies]
-loom = "0.5"
+loom = "0.7"
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
+
+[lints.rust]
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = [
+  'cfg(loom)',
+] }

README.md

@@ -27,6 +27,21 @@ Next, add this to your crate:
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut, Buf, BufMut};
 ```
 
+## no_std support
+
+To use `bytes` with no_std environment, disable the (enabled by default) `std` feature.
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+bytes = { version = "1", default-features = false }
+```
+
+To use `bytes` with no_std environment without atomic CAS, such as thumbv6m, you also need to enable
+the `extra-platforms` feature. See the [documentation for the `portable-atomic`
+crate](https://docs.rs/portable-atomic) for more information.
+
+The MSRV when `extra-platforms` feature is enabled depends on the MSRV of `portable-atomic`.
+
 ## Serde support
 
 Serde support is optional and disabled by default. To enable use the feature `serde`.
@@ -36,6 +51,8 @@ Serde support is optional and disabled by default. To enable use the feature `se
 bytes = { version = "1", features = ["serde"] }
 ```
 
+The MSRV when `serde` feature is enabled depends on the MSRV of `serde`.
+
 ## Building documentation
 
 When building the `bytes` documentation the `docsrs` option should be used, otherwise

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+Bytes is part of the Tokio project and uses the same security policy as [Tokio][tokio-security].
+
+## Report a security issue
+
+The process for reporting an issue is the same as for [Tokio][tokio-security]. This includes private reporting via security@tokio.rs.
+
+[tokio-security]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/security/policy

benches/bytes.rs

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ fn clone_static(b: &mut Bencher) {
 
     b.iter(|| {
         for _ in 0..1024 {
-            test::black_box(&bytes.clone());
+            test::black_box(test::black_box(&bytes).clone());
         }
     })
 }
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ fn clone_shared(b: &mut Bencher) {
 
     b.iter(|| {
         for _ in 0..1024 {
-            test::black_box(&bytes.clone());
+            test::black_box(test::black_box(&bytes).clone());
         }
     })
 }
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ fn clone_arc_vec(b: &mut Bencher) {
 
     b.iter(|| {
         for _ in 0..1024 {
-            test::black_box(&bytes.clone());
+            test::black_box(test::black_box(&bytes).clone());
         }
     })
 }

ci/miri.sh

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 set -e
 
-rustup toolchain install nightly --component miri
-rustup override set nightly
+rustup component add miri
 cargo miri setup
 
 export MIRIFLAGS="-Zmiri-strict-provenance"

ci/panic-abort.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -ex
+RUSTFLAGS="$RUSTFLAGS -Cpanic=abort -Zpanic-abort-tests" cargo test --all-features --test '*'

ci/test-stable.sh

@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ set -ex
 
 cmd="${1:-test}"
 
-# Install cargo-hack for feature flag test
-host=$(rustc -Vv | grep host | sed 's/host: //')
-curl -LsSf https://github.com/taiki-e/cargo-hack/releases/latest/download/cargo-hack-$host.tar.gz | tar xzf - -C ~/.cargo/bin
-
 # Run with each feature
 # * --each-feature includes both default/no-default features
 # * --optional-deps is needed for serde feature
@@ -15,14 +11,15 @@ cargo hack "${cmd}" --each-feature --optional-deps
 # Run with all features
 cargo "${cmd}" --all-features
 
-cargo doc --no-deps --all-features
-
 if [[ "${RUST_VERSION}" == "nightly"* ]]; then
     # Check benchmarks
     cargo check --benches
 
     # Check minimal versions
-    cargo clean
-    cargo update -Zminimal-versions
+    # Remove dev-dependencies from Cargo.toml to prevent the next `cargo update`
+    # from determining minimal versions based on dev-dependencies.
+    cargo hack --remove-dev-deps --workspace
+    # Update Cargo.lock to minimal version dependencies.
+    cargo update -Z minimal-versions
     cargo check --all-features
 fi

src/buf/buf_mut.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use crate::buf::{limit, Chain, Limit, UninitSlice};
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use crate::buf::{writer, Writer};
+use crate::{panic_advance, panic_does_not_fit, TryGetError};
 
-use core::{cmp, mem, ptr, usize};
+use core::{mem, ptr, usize};
 
 use alloc::{boxed::Box, vec::Vec};
 
@@ -67,8 +68,10 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     /// The next call to `chunk_mut` will return a slice starting `cnt` bytes
     /// further into the underlying buffer.
     ///
-    /// This function is unsafe because there is no guarantee that the bytes
-    /// being advanced past have been initialized.
+    /// # Safety
+    ///
+    /// The caller must ensure that the next `cnt` bytes of `chunk` are
+    /// initialized.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
@@ -121,6 +124,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// assert!(!buf.has_remaining_mut());
     /// ```
+    #[inline]
     fn has_remaining_mut(&self) -> bool {
         self.remaining_mut() > 0
     }
@@ -161,7 +165,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// # Implementer notes
     ///
-    /// This function should never panic. `chunk_mut` should return an empty
+    /// This function should never panic. `chunk_mut()` should return an empty
     /// slice **if and only if** `remaining_mut()` returns 0. In other words,
     /// `chunk_mut()` returning an empty slice implies that `remaining_mut()` will
     /// return 0 and `remaining_mut()` returning 0 implies that `chunk_mut()` will
@@ -194,27 +198,28 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// Panics if `self` does not have enough capacity to contain `src`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put<T: super::Buf>(&mut self, mut src: T)
     where
         Self: Sized,
     {
-        assert!(self.remaining_mut() >= src.remaining());
+        if self.remaining_mut() < src.remaining() {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: src.remaining(),
+                available: self.remaining_mut(),
+            });
+        }
 
         while src.has_remaining() {
-            let l;
+            let s = src.chunk();
+            let d = self.chunk_mut();
+            let cnt = usize::min(s.len(), d.len());
 
-            unsafe {
-                let s = src.chunk();
-                let d = self.chunk_mut();
-                l = cmp::min(s.len(), d.len());
+            d[..cnt].copy_from_slice(&s[..cnt]);
 
-                ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(s.as_ptr(), d.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8, l);
-            }
-
-            src.advance(l);
-            unsafe {
-                self.advance_mut(l);
-            }
+            // SAFETY: We just initialized `cnt` bytes in `self`.
+            unsafe { self.advance_mut(cnt) };
+            src.advance(cnt);
         }
     }
 
@@ -237,31 +242,24 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// assert_eq!(b"hello\0", &dst);
     /// ```
-    fn put_slice(&mut self, src: &[u8]) {
-        let mut off = 0;
+    #[inline]
+    fn put_slice(&mut self, mut src: &[u8]) {
+        if self.remaining_mut() < src.len() {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: src.len(),
+                available: self.remaining_mut(),
+            });
+        }
 
-        assert!(
-            self.remaining_mut() >= src.len(),
-            "buffer overflow; remaining = {}; src = {}",
-            self.remaining_mut(),
-            src.len()
-        );
+        while !src.is_empty() {
+            let dst = self.chunk_mut();
+            let cnt = usize::min(src.len(), dst.len());
 
-        while off < src.len() {
-            let cnt;
+            dst[..cnt].copy_from_slice(&src[..cnt]);
+            src = &src[cnt..];
 
-            unsafe {
-                let dst = self.chunk_mut();
-                cnt = cmp::min(dst.len(), src.len() - off);
-
-                ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src[off..].as_ptr(), dst.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8, cnt);
-
-                off += cnt;
-            }
-
-            unsafe {
-                self.advance_mut(cnt);
-            }
+            // SAFETY: We just initialized `cnt` bytes in `self`.
+            unsafe { self.advance_mut(cnt) };
         }
     }
 
@@ -290,9 +288,23 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
-    fn put_bytes(&mut self, val: u8, cnt: usize) {
-        for _ in 0..cnt {
-            self.put_u8(val);
+    #[inline]
+    fn put_bytes(&mut self, val: u8, mut cnt: usize) {
+        if self.remaining_mut() < cnt {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: cnt,
+                available: self.remaining_mut(),
+            })
+        }
+
+        while cnt > 0 {
+            let dst = self.chunk_mut();
+            let dst_len = usize::min(dst.len(), cnt);
+            // SAFETY: The pointer is valid for `dst_len <= dst.len()` bytes.
+            unsafe { core::ptr::write_bytes(dst.as_mut_ptr(), val, dst_len) };
+            // SAFETY: We just initialized `dst_len` bytes in `self`.
+            unsafe { self.advance_mut(dst_len) };
+            cnt -= dst_len;
         }
     }
 
@@ -314,6 +326,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u8(&mut self, n: u8) {
         let src = [n];
         self.put_slice(&src);
@@ -337,6 +350,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i8(&mut self, n: i8) {
         let src = [n as u8];
         self.put_slice(&src)
@@ -360,6 +374,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u16(&mut self, n: u16) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes())
     }
@@ -382,6 +397,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u16_le(&mut self, n: u16) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes())
     }
@@ -408,6 +424,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u16_ne(&mut self, n: u16) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_ne_bytes())
     }
@@ -430,6 +447,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i16(&mut self, n: i16) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes())
     }
@@ -452,6 +470,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i16_le(&mut self, n: i16) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes())
     }
@@ -478,6 +497,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i16_ne(&mut self, n: i16) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_ne_bytes())
     }
@@ -500,6 +520,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u32(&mut self, n: u32) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes())
     }
@@ -522,6 +543,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u32_le(&mut self, n: u32) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes())
     }
@@ -548,6 +570,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u32_ne(&mut self, n: u32) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_ne_bytes())
     }
@@ -570,6 +593,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i32(&mut self, n: i32) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes())
     }
@@ -592,6 +616,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i32_le(&mut self, n: i32) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes())
     }
@@ -618,6 +643,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i32_ne(&mut self, n: i32) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_ne_bytes())
     }
@@ -640,6 +666,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u64(&mut self, n: u64) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes())
     }
@@ -662,6 +689,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u64_le(&mut self, n: u64) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes())
     }
@@ -688,6 +716,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u64_ne(&mut self, n: u64) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_ne_bytes())
     }
@@ -710,6 +739,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i64(&mut self, n: i64) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes())
     }
@@ -732,6 +762,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i64_le(&mut self, n: i64) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes())
     }
@@ -758,6 +789,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i64_ne(&mut self, n: i64) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_ne_bytes())
     }
@@ -780,6 +812,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u128(&mut self, n: u128) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes())
     }
@@ -802,6 +835,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u128_le(&mut self, n: u128) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes())
     }
@@ -828,6 +862,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_u128_ne(&mut self, n: u128) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_ne_bytes())
     }
@@ -850,6 +885,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i128(&mut self, n: i128) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes())
     }
@@ -872,6 +908,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i128_le(&mut self, n: i128) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes())
     }
@@ -898,6 +935,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_i128_ne(&mut self, n: i128) {
         self.put_slice(&n.to_ne_bytes())
     }
@@ -919,9 +957,15 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
-    /// `self`.
+    /// `self` or if `nbytes` is greater than 8.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_uint(&mut self, n: u64, nbytes: usize) {
-        self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes()[mem::size_of_val(&n) - nbytes..]);
+        let start = match mem::size_of_val(&n).checked_sub(nbytes) {
+            Some(start) => start,
+            None => panic_does_not_fit(nbytes, mem::size_of_val(&n)),
+        };
+
+        self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes()[start..]);
     }
 
     /// Writes an unsigned n-byte integer to `self` in the little-endian byte order.
@@ -941,9 +985,16 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
-    /// `self`.
+    /// `self` or if `nbytes` is greater than 8.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_uint_le(&mut self, n: u64, nbytes: usize) {
-        self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes()[0..nbytes]);
+        let slice = n.to_le_bytes();
+        let slice = match slice.get(..nbytes) {
+            Some(slice) => slice,
+            None => panic_does_not_fit(nbytes, slice.len()),
+        };
+
+        self.put_slice(slice);
     }
 
     /// Writes an unsigned n-byte integer to `self` in the native-endian byte order.
@@ -967,7 +1018,8 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
-    /// `self`.
+    /// `self` or if `nbytes` is greater than 8.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_uint_ne(&mut self, n: u64, nbytes: usize) {
         if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
             self.put_uint(n, nbytes)
@@ -994,8 +1046,14 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self` or if `nbytes` is greater than 8.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_int(&mut self, n: i64, nbytes: usize) {
-        self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes()[mem::size_of_val(&n) - nbytes..]);
+        let start = match mem::size_of_val(&n).checked_sub(nbytes) {
+            Some(start) => start,
+            None => panic_does_not_fit(nbytes, mem::size_of_val(&n)),
+        };
+
+        self.put_slice(&n.to_be_bytes()[start..]);
     }
 
     /// Writes low `nbytes` of a signed integer to `self` in little-endian byte order.
@@ -1016,8 +1074,15 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self` or if `nbytes` is greater than 8.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_int_le(&mut self, n: i64, nbytes: usize) {
-        self.put_slice(&n.to_le_bytes()[0..nbytes]);
+        let slice = n.to_le_bytes();
+        let slice = match slice.get(..nbytes) {
+            Some(slice) => slice,
+            None => panic_does_not_fit(nbytes, slice.len()),
+        };
+
+        self.put_slice(slice);
     }
 
     /// Writes low `nbytes` of a signed integer to `self` in native-endian byte order.
@@ -1042,6 +1107,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self` or if `nbytes` is greater than 8.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_int_ne(&mut self, n: i64, nbytes: usize) {
         if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
             self.put_int(n, nbytes)
@@ -1050,7 +1116,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Writes  an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number to
+    /// Writes an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number to
     /// `self` in big-endian byte order.
     ///
     /// The current position is advanced by 4.
@@ -1069,11 +1135,12 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_f32(&mut self, n: f32) {
         self.put_u32(n.to_bits());
     }
 
-    /// Writes  an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number to
+    /// Writes an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number to
     /// `self` in little-endian byte order.
     ///
     /// The current position is advanced by 4.
@@ -1092,6 +1159,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_f32_le(&mut self, n: f32) {
         self.put_u32_le(n.to_bits());
     }
@@ -1119,11 +1187,12 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_f32_ne(&mut self, n: f32) {
         self.put_u32_ne(n.to_bits());
     }
 
-    /// Writes  an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to
+    /// Writes an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to
     /// `self` in big-endian byte order.
     ///
     /// The current position is advanced by 8.
@@ -1142,11 +1211,12 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_f64(&mut self, n: f64) {
         self.put_u64(n.to_bits());
     }
 
-    /// Writes  an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to
+    /// Writes an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to
     /// `self` in little-endian byte order.
     ///
     /// The current position is advanced by 8.
@@ -1165,11 +1235,12 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_f64_le(&mut self, n: f64) {
         self.put_u64_le(n.to_bits());
     }
 
-    /// Writes  an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to
+    /// Writes an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to
     /// `self` in native-endian byte order.
     ///
     /// The current position is advanced by 8.
@@ -1192,6 +1263,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     ///
     /// This function panics if there is not enough remaining capacity in
     /// `self`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put_f64_ne(&mut self, n: f64) {
         self.put_u64_ne(n.to_bits());
     }
@@ -1209,6 +1281,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     /// let dst = arr.limit(10);
     /// assert_eq!(dst.remaining_mut(), 10);
     /// ```
+    #[inline]
     fn limit(self, limit: usize) -> Limit<Self>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -1240,6 +1313,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     /// ```
     #[cfg(feature = "std")]
     #[cfg_attr(docsrs, doc(cfg(feature = "std")))]
+    #[inline]
     fn writer(self) -> Writer<Self>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -1267,6 +1341,7 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
     /// assert_eq!(&a[..], b"hello");
     /// assert_eq!(&b[..], b" world");
     /// ```
+    #[inline]
     fn chain_mut<U: BufMut>(self, next: U) -> Chain<Self, U>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -1277,98 +1352,122 @@ pub unsafe trait BufMut {
 
 macro_rules! deref_forward_bufmut {
     () => {
+        #[inline]
         fn remaining_mut(&self) -> usize {
             (**self).remaining_mut()
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn chunk_mut(&mut self) -> &mut UninitSlice {
             (**self).chunk_mut()
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         unsafe fn advance_mut(&mut self, cnt: usize) {
             (**self).advance_mut(cnt)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_slice(&mut self, src: &[u8]) {
             (**self).put_slice(src)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u8(&mut self, n: u8) {
             (**self).put_u8(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i8(&mut self, n: i8) {
             (**self).put_i8(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u16(&mut self, n: u16) {
             (**self).put_u16(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u16_le(&mut self, n: u16) {
             (**self).put_u16_le(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u16_ne(&mut self, n: u16) {
             (**self).put_u16_ne(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i16(&mut self, n: i16) {
             (**self).put_i16(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i16_le(&mut self, n: i16) {
             (**self).put_i16_le(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i16_ne(&mut self, n: i16) {
             (**self).put_i16_ne(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u32(&mut self, n: u32) {
             (**self).put_u32(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u32_le(&mut self, n: u32) {
             (**self).put_u32_le(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u32_ne(&mut self, n: u32) {
             (**self).put_u32_ne(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i32(&mut self, n: i32) {
             (**self).put_i32(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i32_le(&mut self, n: i32) {
             (**self).put_i32_le(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i32_ne(&mut self, n: i32) {
             (**self).put_i32_ne(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u64(&mut self, n: u64) {
             (**self).put_u64(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u64_le(&mut self, n: u64) {
             (**self).put_u64_le(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_u64_ne(&mut self, n: u64) {
             (**self).put_u64_ne(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i64(&mut self, n: i64) {
             (**self).put_i64(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i64_le(&mut self, n: i64) {
             (**self).put_i64_le(n)
         }
 
+        #[inline]
         fn put_i64_ne(&mut self, n: i64) {
             (**self).put_i64_ne(n)
         }
@@ -1391,12 +1490,18 @@ unsafe impl BufMut for &mut [u8] {
 
     #[inline]
     fn chunk_mut(&mut self) -> &mut UninitSlice {
-        // UninitSlice is repr(transparent), so safe to transmute
-        unsafe { &mut *(*self as *mut [u8] as *mut _) }
+        UninitSlice::new(self)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     unsafe fn advance_mut(&mut self, cnt: usize) {
+        if self.len() < cnt {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: cnt,
+                available: self.len(),
+            });
+        }
+
         // Lifetime dance taken from `impl Write for &mut [u8]`.
         let (_, b) = core::mem::replace(self, &mut []).split_at_mut(cnt);
         *self = b;
@@ -1404,14 +1509,28 @@ unsafe impl BufMut for &mut [u8] {
 
     #[inline]
     fn put_slice(&mut self, src: &[u8]) {
-        self[..src.len()].copy_from_slice(src);
-        unsafe {
-            self.advance_mut(src.len());
+        if self.len() < src.len() {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: src.len(),
+                available: self.len(),
+            });
         }
+
+        self[..src.len()].copy_from_slice(src);
+        // SAFETY: We just initialized `src.len()` bytes.
+        unsafe { self.advance_mut(src.len()) };
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     fn put_bytes(&mut self, val: u8, cnt: usize) {
-        assert!(self.remaining_mut() >= cnt);
+        if self.len() < cnt {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: cnt,
+                available: self.len(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        // SAFETY: We just checked that the pointer is valid for `cnt` bytes.
         unsafe {
             ptr::write_bytes(self.as_mut_ptr(), val, cnt);
             self.advance_mut(cnt);
@@ -1432,6 +1551,13 @@ unsafe impl BufMut for &mut [core::mem::MaybeUninit<u8>] {
 
     #[inline]
     unsafe fn advance_mut(&mut self, cnt: usize) {
+        if self.len() < cnt {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: cnt,
+                available: self.len(),
+            });
+        }
+
         // Lifetime dance taken from `impl Write for &mut [u8]`.
         let (_, b) = core::mem::replace(self, &mut []).split_at_mut(cnt);
         *self = b;
@@ -1439,14 +1565,30 @@ unsafe impl BufMut for &mut [core::mem::MaybeUninit<u8>] {
 
     #[inline]
     fn put_slice(&mut self, src: &[u8]) {
-        self.chunk_mut()[..src.len()].copy_from_slice(src);
+        if self.len() < src.len() {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: src.len(),
+                available: self.len(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        // SAFETY: We just checked that the pointer is valid for `src.len()` bytes.
         unsafe {
+            ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src.as_ptr(), self.as_mut_ptr().cast(), src.len());
             self.advance_mut(src.len());
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     fn put_bytes(&mut self, val: u8, cnt: usize) {
-        assert!(self.remaining_mut() >= cnt);
+        if self.len() < cnt {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: cnt,
+                available: self.len(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        // SAFETY: We just checked that the pointer is valid for `cnt` bytes.
         unsafe {
             ptr::write_bytes(self.as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8, val, cnt);
             self.advance_mut(cnt);
@@ -1466,13 +1608,14 @@ unsafe impl BufMut for Vec<u8> {
         let len = self.len();
         let remaining = self.capacity() - len;
 
-        assert!(
-            cnt <= remaining,
-            "cannot advance past `remaining_mut`: {:?} <= {:?}",
-            cnt,
-            remaining
-        );
+        if remaining < cnt {
+            panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: cnt,
+                available: remaining,
+            });
+        }
 
+        // Addition will not overflow since the sum is at most the capacity.
         self.set_len(len + cnt);
     }
 
@@ -1486,28 +1629,26 @@ unsafe impl BufMut for Vec<u8> {
         let len = self.len();
 
         let ptr = self.as_mut_ptr();
-        unsafe { &mut UninitSlice::from_raw_parts_mut(ptr, cap)[len..] }
+        // SAFETY: Since `ptr` is valid for `cap` bytes, `ptr.add(len)` must be
+        // valid for `cap - len` bytes. The subtraction will not underflow since
+        // `len <= cap`.
+        unsafe { UninitSlice::from_raw_parts_mut(ptr.add(len), cap - len) }
     }
 
     // Specialize these methods so they can skip checking `remaining_mut`
     // and `advance_mut`.
+    #[inline]
     fn put<T: super::Buf>(&mut self, mut src: T)
     where
         Self: Sized,
     {
-        // In case the src isn't contiguous, reserve upfront
+        // In case the src isn't contiguous, reserve upfront.
         self.reserve(src.remaining());
 
         while src.has_remaining() {
-            let l;
-
-            // a block to contain the src.bytes() borrow
-            {
-                let s = src.chunk();
-                l = s.len();
-                self.extend_from_slice(s);
-            }
-
+            let s = src.chunk();
+            let l = s.len();
+            self.extend_from_slice(s);
             src.advance(l);
         }
     }
@@ -1517,8 +1658,10 @@ unsafe impl BufMut for Vec<u8> {
         self.extend_from_slice(src);
     }
 
+    #[inline]
     fn put_bytes(&mut self, val: u8, cnt: usize) {
-        let new_len = self.len().checked_add(cnt).unwrap();
+        // If the addition overflows, then the `resize` will fail.
+        let new_len = self.len().saturating_add(cnt);
         self.resize(new_len, val);
     }
 }

src/buf/chain.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::buf::{IntoIter, UninitSlice};
-use crate::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes};
+use crate::{Buf, BufMut};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::io::IoSlice;
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ use std::io::IoSlice;
 /// assert_eq!(full[..], b"hello world"[..]);
 /// ```
 ///
-/// [`Buf::chain`]: trait.Buf.html#method.chain
-/// [`Buf`]: trait.Buf.html
-/// [`BufMut`]: trait.BufMut.html
+/// [`Buf::chain`]: Buf::chain
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Chain<T, U> {
     a: T,
@@ -135,7 +133,7 @@ where
     U: Buf,
 {
     fn remaining(&self) -> usize {
-        self.a.remaining().checked_add(self.b.remaining()).unwrap()
+        self.a.remaining().saturating_add(self.b.remaining())
     }
 
     fn chunk(&self) -> &[u8] {
@@ -171,7 +169,7 @@ where
         n
     }
 
-    fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> Bytes {
+    fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> crate::Bytes {
         let a_rem = self.a.remaining();
         if a_rem >= len {
             self.a.copy_to_bytes(len)

src/buf/iter.rs

@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@ use crate::Buf;
 /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(b'c'));
 /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
 /// ```
-///
-/// [`iter`]: trait.Buf.html#method.iter
-/// [`Buf`]: trait.Buf.html
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct IntoIter<T> {
     inner: T,

src/buf/mod.rs

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 //! See [`Buf`] and [`BufMut`] for more details.
 //!
 //! [rope]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope_(data_structure)
-//! [`Buf`]: trait.Buf.html
-//! [`BufMut`]: trait.BufMut.html
 
 mod buf_impl;
 mod buf_mut;

src/buf/reader.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::{cmp, io};
 /// A `Buf` adapter which implements `io::Read` for the inner value.
 ///
 /// This struct is generally created by calling `reader()` on `Buf`. See
-/// documentation of [`reader()`](trait.Buf.html#method.reader) for more
+/// documentation of [`reader()`](Buf::reader) for more
 /// details.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Reader<B> {

src/buf/take.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
-use crate::{Buf, Bytes};
+use crate::Buf;
 
 use core::cmp;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use std::io::IoSlice;
+
 /// A `Buf` adapter which limits the bytes read from an underlying buffer.
 ///
 /// This struct is generally created by calling `take()` on `Buf`. See
-/// documentation of [`take()`](trait.Buf.html#method.take) for more details.
+/// documentation of [`take()`](Buf::take) for more details.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Take<T> {
     inner: T,
@@ -145,11 +148,57 @@ impl<T: Buf> Buf for Take<T> {
         self.limit -= cnt;
     }
 
-    fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> Bytes {
+    fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> crate::Bytes {
         assert!(len <= self.remaining(), "`len` greater than remaining");
 
         let r = self.inner.copy_to_bytes(len);
         self.limit -= len;
         r
     }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    fn chunks_vectored<'a>(&'a self, dst: &mut [IoSlice<'a>]) -> usize {
+        if self.limit == 0 {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        const LEN: usize = 16;
+        let mut slices: [IoSlice<'a>; LEN] = [
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+            IoSlice::new(&[]),
+        ];
+
+        let cnt = self
+            .inner
+            .chunks_vectored(&mut slices[..dst.len().min(LEN)]);
+        let mut limit = self.limit;
+        for (i, (dst, slice)) in dst[..cnt].iter_mut().zip(slices.iter()).enumerate() {
+            if let Some(buf) = slice.get(..limit) {
+                // SAFETY: We could do this safely with `IoSlice::advance` if we had a larger MSRV.
+                let buf = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<&[u8], &'a [u8]>(buf) };
+                *dst = IoSlice::new(buf);
+                return i + 1;
+            } else {
+                // SAFETY: We could do this safely with `IoSlice::advance` if we had a larger MSRV.
+                let buf = unsafe { std::mem::transmute::<&[u8], &'a [u8]>(slice) };
+                *dst = IoSlice::new(buf);
+                limit -= slice.len();
+            }
+        }
+        cnt
+    }
 }

src/buf/uninit_slice.rs

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ impl UninitSlice {
         unsafe { self[index..].as_mut_ptr().write(byte) }
     }
 
-    /// Copies bytes  from `src` into `self`.
+    /// Copies bytes from `src` into `self`.
     ///
     /// The length of `src` must be the same as `self`.
     ///
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ impl UninitSlice {
     ///
     /// The caller **must not** read from the referenced memory and **must not** write
     /// **uninitialized** bytes to the slice either. This is because `BufMut` implementation
-    /// that created the `UninitSlice` knows which parts are initialized. Writing uninitalized
+    /// that created the `UninitSlice` knows which parts are initialized. Writing uninitialized
     /// bytes to the slice may cause the `BufMut` to read those bytes and trigger undefined
     /// behavior.
     ///
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ impl UninitSlice {
     /// };
     /// ```
     #[inline]
-    pub unsafe fn as_uninit_slice_mut<'a>(&'a mut self) -> &'a mut [MaybeUninit<u8>] {
-        &mut *(self as *mut _ as *mut [MaybeUninit<u8>])
+    pub unsafe fn as_uninit_slice_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>] {
+        &mut self.0
     }
 
     /// Returns the number of bytes in the slice.

src/buf/vec_deque.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 use alloc::collections::VecDeque;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use std::io;
 
 use super::Buf;
 
@@ -16,6 +18,22 @@ impl Buf for VecDeque<u8> {
         }
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    fn chunks_vectored<'a>(&'a self, dst: &mut [io::IoSlice<'a>]) -> usize {
+        if self.is_empty() || dst.is_empty() {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        let (s1, s2) = self.as_slices();
+        dst[0] = io::IoSlice::new(s1);
+        if s2.is_empty() || dst.len() == 1 {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        dst[1] = io::IoSlice::new(s2);
+        2
+    }
+
     fn advance(&mut self, cnt: usize) {
         self.drain(..cnt);
     }

src/buf/writer.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::{cmp, io};
 /// A `BufMut` adapter which implements `io::Write` for the inner value.
 ///
 /// This struct is generally created by calling `writer()` on `BufMut`. See
-/// documentation of [`writer()`](trait.BufMut.html#method.writer) for more
+/// documentation of [`writer()`](BufMut::writer) for more
 /// details.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Writer<B> {
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ impl<B: BufMut + Sized> io::Write for Writer<B> {
     fn write(&mut self, src: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
         let n = cmp::min(self.buf.remaining_mut(), src.len());
 
-        self.buf.put(&src[0..n]);
+        self.buf.put_slice(&src[..n]);
         Ok(n)
     }
 

src/bytes.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 use core::iter::FromIterator;
+use core::mem::{self, ManuallyDrop};
 use core::ops::{Deref, RangeBounds};
-use core::{cmp, fmt, hash, mem, ptr, slice, usize};
+use core::ptr::NonNull;
+use core::{cmp, fmt, hash, ptr, slice, usize};
 
 use alloc::{
     alloc::{dealloc, Layout},
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::buf::IntoIter;
 #[allow(unused)]
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::AtomicMut;
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-use crate::Buf;
+use crate::{offset_from, Buf, BytesMut};
 
 /// A cheaply cloneable and sliceable chunk of contiguous memory.
 ///
@@ -63,8 +65,8 @@ use crate::Buf;
 /// `Bytes` contains a vtable, which allows implementations of `Bytes` to define
 /// how sharing/cloning is implemented in detail.
 /// When `Bytes::clone()` is called, `Bytes` will call the vtable function for
-/// cloning the backing storage in order to share it behind between multiple
-/// `Bytes` instances.
+/// cloning the backing storage in order to share it behind multiple `Bytes`
+/// instances.
 ///
 /// For `Bytes` implementations which refer to constant memory (e.g. created
 /// via `Bytes::from_static()`) the cloning implementation will be a no-op.
@@ -112,6 +114,9 @@ pub(crate) struct Vtable {
     ///
     /// takes `Bytes` to value
     pub to_vec: unsafe fn(&AtomicPtr<()>, *const u8, usize) -> Vec<u8>,
+    pub to_mut: unsafe fn(&AtomicPtr<()>, *const u8, usize) -> BytesMut,
+    /// fn(data)
+    pub is_unique: unsafe fn(&AtomicPtr<()>) -> bool,
     /// fn(data, ptr, len)
     pub drop: unsafe fn(&mut AtomicPtr<()>, *const u8, usize),
 }
@@ -138,6 +143,7 @@ impl Bytes {
         Bytes::from_static(EMPTY)
     }
 
+    /// Creates a new empty `Bytes`.
     #[cfg(all(loom, test))]
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         const EMPTY: &[u8] = &[];
@@ -168,6 +174,7 @@ impl Bytes {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Creates a new `Bytes` from a static slice.
     #[cfg(all(loom, test))]
     pub fn from_static(bytes: &'static [u8]) -> Self {
         Bytes {
@@ -178,6 +185,110 @@ impl Bytes {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Creates a new `Bytes` with length zero and the given pointer as the address.
+    fn new_empty_with_ptr(ptr: *const u8) -> Self {
+        debug_assert!(!ptr.is_null());
+
+        // Detach this pointer's provenance from whichever allocation it came from, and reattach it
+        // to the provenance of the fake ZST [u8;0] at the same address.
+        let ptr = without_provenance(ptr as usize);
+
+        Bytes {
+            ptr,
+            len: 0,
+            data: AtomicPtr::new(ptr::null_mut()),
+            vtable: &STATIC_VTABLE,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create [Bytes] with a buffer whose lifetime is controlled
+    /// via an explicit owner.
+    ///
+    /// A common use case is to zero-copy construct from mapped memory.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # struct File;
+    /// #
+    /// # impl File {
+    /// #     pub fn open(_: &str) -> Result<Self, ()> {
+    /// #         Ok(Self)
+    /// #     }
+    /// # }
+    /// #
+    /// # mod memmap2 {
+    /// #     pub struct Mmap;
+    /// #
+    /// #     impl Mmap {
+    /// #         pub unsafe fn map(_file: &super::File) -> Result<Self, ()> {
+    /// #             Ok(Self)
+    /// #         }
+    /// #     }
+    /// #
+    /// #     impl AsRef<[u8]> for Mmap {
+    /// #         fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+    /// #             b"buf"
+    /// #         }
+    /// #     }
+    /// # }
+    /// use bytes::Bytes;
+    /// use memmap2::Mmap;
+    ///
+    /// # fn main() -> Result<(), ()> {
+    /// let file = File::open("upload_bundle.tar.gz")?;
+    /// let mmap = unsafe { Mmap::map(&file) }?;
+    /// let b = Bytes::from_owner(mmap);
+    /// # Ok(())
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// The `owner` will be transferred to the constructed [Bytes] object, which
+    /// will ensure it is dropped once all remaining clones of the constructed
+    /// object are dropped. The owner will then be responsible for dropping the
+    /// specified region of memory as part of its [Drop] implementation.
+    ///
+    /// Note that converting [Bytes] constructed from an owner into a [BytesMut]
+    /// will always create a deep copy of the buffer into newly allocated memory.
+    pub fn from_owner<T>(owner: T) -> Self
+    where
+        T: AsRef<[u8]> + Send + 'static,
+    {
+        // Safety & Miri:
+        // The ownership of `owner` is first transferred to the `Owned` wrapper and `Bytes` object.
+        // This ensures that the owner is pinned in memory, allowing us to call `.as_ref()` safely
+        // since the lifetime of the owner is controlled by the lifetime of the new `Bytes` object,
+        // and the lifetime of the resulting borrowed `&[u8]` matches that of the owner.
+        // Note that this remains safe so long as we only call `.as_ref()` once.
+        //
+        // There are some additional special considerations here:
+        //   * We rely on Bytes's Drop impl to clean up memory should `.as_ref()` panic.
+        //   * Setting the `ptr` and `len` on the bytes object last (after moving the owner to
+        //     Bytes) allows Miri checks to pass since it avoids obtaining the `&[u8]` slice
+        //     from a stack-owned Box.
+        // More details on this: https://github.com/tokio-rs/bytes/pull/742/#discussion_r1813375863
+        //                  and: https://github.com/tokio-rs/bytes/pull/742/#discussion_r1813316032
+
+        let owned = Box::into_raw(Box::new(Owned {
+            lifetime: OwnedLifetime {
+                ref_cnt: AtomicUsize::new(1),
+                drop: owned_box_and_drop::<T>,
+            },
+            owner,
+        }));
+
+        let mut ret = Bytes {
+            ptr: NonNull::dangling().as_ptr(),
+            len: 0,
+            data: AtomicPtr::new(owned.cast()),
+            vtable: &OWNED_VTABLE,
+        };
+
+        let buf = unsafe { &*owned }.owner.as_ref();
+        ret.ptr = buf.as_ptr();
+        ret.len = buf.len();
+
+        ret
+    }
+
     /// Returns the number of bytes contained in this `Bytes`.
     ///
     /// # Examples
@@ -208,6 +319,30 @@ impl Bytes {
         self.len == 0
     }
 
+    /// Returns true if this is the only reference to the data and
+    /// `Into<BytesMut>` would avoid cloning the underlying buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Always returns false if the data is backed by a [static slice](Bytes::from_static),
+    /// or an [owner](Bytes::from_owner).
+    ///
+    /// The result of this method may be invalidated immediately if another
+    /// thread clones this value while this is being called. Ensure you have
+    /// unique access to this value (`&mut Bytes`) first if you need to be
+    /// certain the result is valid (i.e. for safety reasons).
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use bytes::Bytes;
+    ///
+    /// let a = Bytes::from(vec![1, 2, 3]);
+    /// assert!(a.is_unique());
+    /// let b = a.clone();
+    /// assert!(!a.is_unique());
+    /// ```
+    pub fn is_unique(&self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { (self.vtable.is_unique)(&self.data) }
+    }
+
     /// Creates `Bytes` instance from slice, by copying it.
     pub fn copy_from_slice(data: &[u8]) -> Self {
         data.to_vec().into()
@@ -242,7 +377,7 @@ impl Bytes {
 
         let begin = match range.start_bound() {
             Bound::Included(&n) => n,
-            Bound::Excluded(&n) => n + 1,
+            Bound::Excluded(&n) => n.checked_add(1).expect("out of range"),
             Bound::Unbounded => 0,
         };
 
@@ -338,7 +473,9 @@ impl Bytes {
     /// Splits the bytes into two at the given index.
     ///
     /// Afterwards `self` contains elements `[0, at)`, and the returned `Bytes`
-    /// contains elements `[at, len)`.
+    /// contains elements `[at, len)`. It's guaranteed that the memory does not
+    /// move, that is, the address of `self` does not change, and the address of
+    /// the returned slice is `at` bytes after that.
     ///
     /// This is an `O(1)` operation that just increases the reference count and
     /// sets a few indices.
@@ -360,6 +497,14 @@ impl Bytes {
     /// Panics if `at > len`.
     #[must_use = "consider Bytes::truncate if you don't need the other half"]
     pub fn split_off(&mut self, at: usize) -> Self {
+        if at == self.len() {
+            return Bytes::new_empty_with_ptr(self.ptr.wrapping_add(at));
+        }
+
+        if at == 0 {
+            return mem::replace(self, Bytes::new_empty_with_ptr(self.ptr));
+        }
+
         assert!(
             at <= self.len(),
             "split_off out of bounds: {:?} <= {:?}",
@@ -367,14 +512,6 @@ impl Bytes {
             self.len(),
         );
 
-        if at == self.len() {
-            return Bytes::new();
-        }
-
-        if at == 0 {
-            return mem::replace(self, Bytes::new());
-        }
-
         let mut ret = self.clone();
 
         self.len = at;
@@ -409,6 +546,15 @@ impl Bytes {
     /// Panics if `at > len`.
     #[must_use = "consider Bytes::advance if you don't need the other half"]
     pub fn split_to(&mut self, at: usize) -> Self {
+        if at == self.len() {
+            let end_ptr = self.ptr.wrapping_add(at);
+            return mem::replace(self, Bytes::new_empty_with_ptr(end_ptr));
+        }
+
+        if at == 0 {
+            return Bytes::new_empty_with_ptr(self.ptr);
+        }
+
         assert!(
             at <= self.len(),
             "split_to out of bounds: {:?} <= {:?}",
@@ -416,14 +562,6 @@ impl Bytes {
             self.len(),
         );
 
-        if at == self.len() {
-            return mem::replace(self, Bytes::new());
-        }
-
-        if at == 0 {
-            return Bytes::new();
-        }
-
         let mut ret = self.clone();
 
         unsafe { self.inc_start(at) };
@@ -438,7 +576,7 @@ impl Bytes {
     /// If `len` is greater than the buffer's current length, this has no
     /// effect.
     ///
-    /// The [`split_off`] method can emulate `truncate`, but this causes the
+    /// The [split_off](`Self::split_off()`) method can emulate `truncate`, but this causes the
     /// excess bytes to be returned instead of dropped.
     ///
     /// # Examples
@@ -450,8 +588,6 @@ impl Bytes {
     /// buf.truncate(5);
     /// assert_eq!(buf, b"hello"[..]);
     /// ```
-    ///
-    /// [`split_off`]: #method.split_off
     #[inline]
     pub fn truncate(&mut self, len: usize) {
         if len < self.len {
@@ -484,6 +620,32 @@ impl Bytes {
         self.truncate(0);
     }
 
+    /// Try to convert self into `BytesMut`.
+    ///
+    /// If `self` is unique for the entire original buffer, this will succeed
+    /// and return a `BytesMut` with the contents of `self` without copying.
+    /// If `self` is not unique for the entire original buffer, this will fail
+    /// and return self.
+    ///
+    /// This will also always fail if the buffer was constructed via either
+    /// [from_owner](Bytes::from_owner) or [from_static](Bytes::from_static).
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
+    ///
+    /// let bytes = Bytes::from(b"hello".to_vec());
+    /// assert_eq!(bytes.try_into_mut(), Ok(BytesMut::from(&b"hello"[..])));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn try_into_mut(self) -> Result<BytesMut, Bytes> {
+        if self.is_unique() {
+            Ok(self.into())
+        } else {
+            Err(self)
+        }
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) unsafe fn with_vtable(
         ptr: *const u8,
@@ -558,14 +720,8 @@ impl Buf for Bytes {
         }
     }
 
-    fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> crate::Bytes {
-        if len == self.remaining() {
-            core::mem::replace(self, Bytes::new())
-        } else {
-            let ret = self.slice(..len);
-            self.advance(len);
-            ret
-        }
+    fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> Self {
+        self.split_to(len)
     }
 }
 
@@ -807,13 +963,14 @@ impl From<&'static str> for Bytes {
 
 impl From<Vec<u8>> for Bytes {
     fn from(vec: Vec<u8>) -> Bytes {
-        let mut vec = vec;
+        let mut vec = ManuallyDrop::new(vec);
         let ptr = vec.as_mut_ptr();
         let len = vec.len();
         let cap = vec.capacity();
 
         // Avoid an extra allocation if possible.
         if len == cap {
+            let vec = ManuallyDrop::into_inner(vec);
             return Bytes::from(vec.into_boxed_slice());
         }
 
@@ -822,7 +979,6 @@ impl From<Vec<u8>> for Bytes {
             cap,
             ref_cnt: AtomicUsize::new(1),
         });
-        mem::forget(vec);
 
         let shared = Box::into_raw(shared);
         // The pointer should be aligned, so this assert should
@@ -871,6 +1027,28 @@ impl From<Box<[u8]>> for Bytes {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<Bytes> for BytesMut {
+    /// Convert self into `BytesMut`.
+    ///
+    /// If `bytes` is unique for the entire original buffer, this will return a
+    /// `BytesMut` with the contents of `bytes` without copying.
+    /// If `bytes` is not unique for the entire original buffer, this will make
+    /// a copy of `bytes` subset of the original buffer in a new `BytesMut`.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
+    ///
+    /// let bytes = Bytes::from(b"hello".to_vec());
+    /// assert_eq!(BytesMut::from(bytes), BytesMut::from(&b"hello"[..]));
+    /// ```
+    fn from(bytes: Bytes) -> Self {
+        let bytes = ManuallyDrop::new(bytes);
+        unsafe { (bytes.vtable.to_mut)(&bytes.data, bytes.ptr, bytes.len) }
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<String> for Bytes {
     fn from(s: String) -> Bytes {
         Bytes::from(s.into_bytes())
@@ -879,7 +1057,7 @@ impl From<String> for Bytes {
 
 impl From<Bytes> for Vec<u8> {
     fn from(bytes: Bytes) -> Vec<u8> {
-        let bytes = mem::ManuallyDrop::new(bytes);
+        let bytes = ManuallyDrop::new(bytes);
         unsafe { (bytes.vtable.to_vec)(&bytes.data, bytes.ptr, bytes.len) }
     }
 }
@@ -900,6 +1078,8 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Vtable {
 const STATIC_VTABLE: Vtable = Vtable {
     clone: static_clone,
     to_vec: static_to_vec,
+    to_mut: static_to_mut,
+    is_unique: static_is_unique,
     drop: static_drop,
 };
 
@@ -913,21 +1093,115 @@ unsafe fn static_to_vec(_: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> Vec<u8
     slice.to_vec()
 }
 
+unsafe fn static_to_mut(_: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> BytesMut {
+    let slice = slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len);
+    BytesMut::from(slice)
+}
+
+fn static_is_unique(_: &AtomicPtr<()>) -> bool {
+    false
+}
+
 unsafe fn static_drop(_: &mut AtomicPtr<()>, _: *const u8, _: usize) {
     // nothing to drop for &'static [u8]
 }
 
+// ===== impl OwnedVtable =====
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct OwnedLifetime {
+    ref_cnt: AtomicUsize,
+    drop: unsafe fn(*mut ()),
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct Owned<T> {
+    lifetime: OwnedLifetime,
+    owner: T,
+}
+
+unsafe fn owned_box_and_drop<T>(ptr: *mut ()) {
+    let b: Box<Owned<T>> = Box::from_raw(ptr as _);
+    drop(b);
+}
+
+unsafe fn owned_clone(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> Bytes {
+    let owned = data.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+    let ref_cnt = &(*owned.cast::<OwnedLifetime>()).ref_cnt;
+    let old_cnt = ref_cnt.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    if old_cnt > usize::MAX >> 1 {
+        crate::abort()
+    }
+
+    Bytes {
+        ptr,
+        len,
+        data: AtomicPtr::new(owned as _),
+        vtable: &OWNED_VTABLE,
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe fn owned_to_vec(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let slice = slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len);
+    let vec = slice.to_vec();
+    owned_drop_impl(data.load(Ordering::Relaxed));
+    vec
+}
+
+unsafe fn owned_to_mut(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> BytesMut {
+    BytesMut::from_vec(owned_to_vec(data, ptr, len))
+}
+
+unsafe fn owned_is_unique(_data: &AtomicPtr<()>) -> bool {
+    false
+}
+
+unsafe fn owned_drop_impl(owned: *mut ()) {
+    let lifetime = owned.cast::<OwnedLifetime>();
+    let ref_cnt = &(*lifetime).ref_cnt;
+
+    let old_cnt = ref_cnt.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Release);
+    debug_assert!(
+        old_cnt > 0 && old_cnt <= usize::MAX >> 1,
+        "expected non-zero refcount and no underflow"
+    );
+    if old_cnt != 1 {
+        return;
+    }
+    ref_cnt.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+
+    let drop_fn = &(*lifetime).drop;
+    drop_fn(owned)
+}
+
+unsafe fn owned_drop(data: &mut AtomicPtr<()>, _ptr: *const u8, _len: usize) {
+    let owned = data.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+    owned_drop_impl(owned);
+}
+
+static OWNED_VTABLE: Vtable = Vtable {
+    clone: owned_clone,
+    to_vec: owned_to_vec,
+    to_mut: owned_to_mut,
+    is_unique: owned_is_unique,
+    drop: owned_drop,
+};
+
 // ===== impl PromotableVtable =====
 
 static PROMOTABLE_EVEN_VTABLE: Vtable = Vtable {
     clone: promotable_even_clone,
     to_vec: promotable_even_to_vec,
+    to_mut: promotable_even_to_mut,
+    is_unique: promotable_is_unique,
     drop: promotable_even_drop,
 };
 
 static PROMOTABLE_ODD_VTABLE: Vtable = Vtable {
     clone: promotable_odd_clone,
     to_vec: promotable_odd_to_vec,
+    to_mut: promotable_odd_to_mut,
+    is_unique: promotable_is_unique,
     drop: promotable_odd_drop,
 };
 
@@ -961,7 +1235,7 @@ unsafe fn promotable_to_vec(
 
         let buf = f(shared);
 
-        let cap = (ptr as usize - buf as usize) + len;
+        let cap = offset_from(ptr, buf) + len;
 
         // Copy back buffer
         ptr::copy(ptr, buf, len);
@@ -970,12 +1244,47 @@ unsafe fn promotable_to_vec(
     }
 }
 
+unsafe fn promotable_to_mut(
+    data: &AtomicPtr<()>,
+    ptr: *const u8,
+    len: usize,
+    f: fn(*mut ()) -> *mut u8,
+) -> BytesMut {
+    let shared = data.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+    let kind = shared as usize & KIND_MASK;
+
+    if kind == KIND_ARC {
+        shared_to_mut_impl(shared.cast(), ptr, len)
+    } else {
+        // KIND_VEC is a view of an underlying buffer at a certain offset.
+        // The ptr + len always represents the end of that buffer.
+        // Before truncating it, it is first promoted to KIND_ARC.
+        // Thus, we can safely reconstruct a Vec from it without leaking memory.
+        debug_assert_eq!(kind, KIND_VEC);
+
+        let buf = f(shared);
+        let off = offset_from(ptr, buf);
+        let cap = off + len;
+        let v = Vec::from_raw_parts(buf, cap, cap);
+
+        let mut b = BytesMut::from_vec(v);
+        b.advance_unchecked(off);
+        b
+    }
+}
+
 unsafe fn promotable_even_to_vec(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
     promotable_to_vec(data, ptr, len, |shared| {
         ptr_map(shared.cast(), |addr| addr & !KIND_MASK)
     })
 }
 
+unsafe fn promotable_even_to_mut(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> BytesMut {
+    promotable_to_mut(data, ptr, len, |shared| {
+        ptr_map(shared.cast(), |addr| addr & !KIND_MASK)
+    })
+}
+
 unsafe fn promotable_even_drop(data: &mut AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) {
     data.with_mut(|shared| {
         let shared = *shared;
@@ -1007,6 +1316,10 @@ unsafe fn promotable_odd_to_vec(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize
     promotable_to_vec(data, ptr, len, |shared| shared.cast())
 }
 
+unsafe fn promotable_odd_to_mut(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> BytesMut {
+    promotable_to_mut(data, ptr, len, |shared| shared.cast())
+}
+
 unsafe fn promotable_odd_drop(data: &mut AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) {
     data.with_mut(|shared| {
         let shared = *shared;
@@ -1022,8 +1335,20 @@ unsafe fn promotable_odd_drop(data: &mut AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usi
     });
 }
 
+unsafe fn promotable_is_unique(data: &AtomicPtr<()>) -> bool {
+    let shared = data.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+    let kind = shared as usize & KIND_MASK;
+
+    if kind == KIND_ARC {
+        let ref_cnt = (*shared.cast::<Shared>()).ref_cnt.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+        ref_cnt == 1
+    } else {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
 unsafe fn free_boxed_slice(buf: *mut u8, offset: *const u8, len: usize) {
-    let cap = (offset as usize - buf as usize) + len;
+    let cap = offset_from(offset, buf) + len;
     dealloc(buf, Layout::from_size_align(cap, 1).unwrap())
 }
 
@@ -1051,6 +1376,8 @@ const _: [(); 0 - mem::align_of::<Shared>() % 2] = []; // Assert that the alignm
 static SHARED_VTABLE: Vtable = Vtable {
     clone: shared_clone,
     to_vec: shared_to_vec,
+    to_mut: shared_to_mut,
+    is_unique: shared_is_unique,
     drop: shared_drop,
 };
 
@@ -1075,11 +1402,11 @@ unsafe fn shared_to_vec_impl(shared: *mut Shared, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) ->
         .compare_exchange(1, 0, Ordering::AcqRel, Ordering::Relaxed)
         .is_ok()
     {
-        let buf = (*shared).buf;
-        let cap = (*shared).cap;
-
-        // Deallocate Shared
-        drop(Box::from_raw(shared as *mut mem::ManuallyDrop<Shared>));
+        // Deallocate the `Shared` instance without running its destructor.
+        let shared = *Box::from_raw(shared);
+        let shared = ManuallyDrop::new(shared);
+        let buf = shared.buf;
+        let cap = shared.cap;
 
         // Copy back buffer
         ptr::copy(ptr, buf, len);
@@ -1096,6 +1423,51 @@ unsafe fn shared_to_vec(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> Vec
     shared_to_vec_impl(data.load(Ordering::Relaxed).cast(), ptr, len)
 }
 
+unsafe fn shared_to_mut_impl(shared: *mut Shared, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> BytesMut {
+    // The goal is to check if the current handle is the only handle
+    // that currently has access to the buffer. This is done by
+    // checking if the `ref_cnt` is currently 1.
+    //
+    // The `Acquire` ordering synchronizes with the `Release` as
+    // part of the `fetch_sub` in `release_shared`. The `fetch_sub`
+    // operation guarantees that any mutations done in other threads
+    // are ordered before the `ref_cnt` is decremented. As such,
+    // this `Acquire` will guarantee that those mutations are
+    // visible to the current thread.
+    //
+    // Otherwise, we take the other branch, copy the data and call `release_shared`.
+    if (*shared).ref_cnt.load(Ordering::Acquire) == 1 {
+        // Deallocate the `Shared` instance without running its destructor.
+        let shared = *Box::from_raw(shared);
+        let shared = ManuallyDrop::new(shared);
+        let buf = shared.buf;
+        let cap = shared.cap;
+
+        // Rebuild Vec
+        let off = offset_from(ptr, buf);
+        let v = Vec::from_raw_parts(buf, len + off, cap);
+
+        let mut b = BytesMut::from_vec(v);
+        b.advance_unchecked(off);
+        b
+    } else {
+        // Copy the data from Shared in a new Vec, then release it
+        let v = slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len).to_vec();
+        release_shared(shared);
+        BytesMut::from_vec(v)
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe fn shared_to_mut(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> BytesMut {
+    shared_to_mut_impl(data.load(Ordering::Relaxed).cast(), ptr, len)
+}
+
+pub(crate) unsafe fn shared_is_unique(data: &AtomicPtr<()>) -> bool {
+    let shared = data.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+    let ref_cnt = (*shared.cast::<Shared>()).ref_cnt.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+    ref_cnt == 1
+}
+
 unsafe fn shared_drop(data: &mut AtomicPtr<()>, _ptr: *const u8, _len: usize) {
     data.with_mut(|shared| {
         release_shared(shared.cast());
@@ -1125,7 +1497,7 @@ unsafe fn shallow_clone_vec(
     offset: *const u8,
     len: usize,
 ) -> Bytes {
-    // If  the buffer is still tracked in a `Vec<u8>`. It is time to
+    // If the buffer is still tracked in a `Vec<u8>`. It is time to
     // promote the vec to an `Arc`. This could potentially be called
     // concurrently, so some care must be taken.
 
@@ -1138,7 +1510,7 @@ unsafe fn shallow_clone_vec(
     // vector.
     let shared = Box::new(Shared {
         buf,
-        cap: (offset as usize - buf as usize) + len,
+        cap: offset_from(offset, buf) + len,
         // Initialize refcount to 2. One for this reference, and one
         // for the new clone that will be returned from
         // `shallow_clone`.
@@ -1248,6 +1620,10 @@ where
     new_addr as *mut u8
 }
 
+fn without_provenance(ptr: usize) -> *const u8 {
+    core::ptr::null::<u8>().wrapping_add(ptr)
+}
+
 // compile-fails
 
 /// ```compile_fail

src/bytes_mut.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use core::iter::{FromIterator, Iterator};
+use core::iter::FromIterator;
 use core::mem::{self, ManuallyDrop, MaybeUninit};
 use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use core::ptr::{self, NonNull};
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::bytes::Vtable;
 #[allow(unused)]
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::AtomicMut;
 use crate::loom::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-use crate::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes};
+use crate::{offset_from, Buf, BufMut, Bytes, TryGetError};
 
 /// A unique reference to a contiguous slice of memory.
 ///
@@ -80,6 +80,12 @@ struct Shared {
     ref_count: AtomicUsize,
 }
 
+// Assert that the alignment of `Shared` is divisible by 2.
+// This is a necessary invariant since we depend on allocating `Shared` a
+// shared object to implicitly carry the `KIND_ARC` flag in its pointer.
+// This flag is set when the LSB is 0.
+const _: [(); 0 - mem::align_of::<Shared>() % 2] = []; // Assert that the alignment of `Shared` is divisible by 2.
+
 // Buffer storage strategy flags.
 const KIND_ARC: usize = 0b0;
 const KIND_VEC: usize = 0b1;
@@ -96,11 +102,11 @@ const MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH: usize = 10;
 const ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_MASK: usize = 0b11100;
 const ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_OFFSET: usize = 2;
 
+const VEC_POS_OFFSET: usize = 5;
 // When the storage is in the `Vec` representation, the pointer can be advanced
 // at most this value. This is due to the amount of storage available to track
 // the offset is usize - number of KIND bits and number of ORIGINAL_CAPACITY
 // bits.
-const VEC_POS_OFFSET: usize = 5;
 const MAX_VEC_POS: usize = usize::MAX >> VEC_POS_OFFSET;
 const NOT_VEC_POS_MASK: usize = 0b11111;
 
@@ -237,29 +243,35 @@ impl BytesMut {
     /// th.join().unwrap();
     /// ```
     #[inline]
-    pub fn freeze(mut self) -> Bytes {
-        if self.kind() == KIND_VEC {
+    pub fn freeze(self) -> Bytes {
+        let bytes = ManuallyDrop::new(self);
+        if bytes.kind() == KIND_VEC {
             // Just re-use `Bytes` internal Vec vtable
             unsafe {
-                let (off, _) = self.get_vec_pos();
-                let vec = rebuild_vec(self.ptr.as_ptr(), self.len, self.cap, off);
-                mem::forget(self);
+                let off = bytes.get_vec_pos();
+                let vec = rebuild_vec(bytes.ptr.as_ptr(), bytes.len, bytes.cap, off);
                 let mut b: Bytes = vec.into();
                 b.advance(off);
                 b
             }
         } else {
-            debug_assert_eq!(self.kind(), KIND_ARC);
+            debug_assert_eq!(bytes.kind(), KIND_ARC);
 
-            let ptr = self.ptr.as_ptr();
-            let len = self.len;
-            let data = AtomicPtr::new(self.data.cast());
-            mem::forget(self);
+            let ptr = bytes.ptr.as_ptr();
+            let len = bytes.len;
+            let data = AtomicPtr::new(bytes.data.cast());
             unsafe { Bytes::with_vtable(ptr, len, data, &SHARED_VTABLE) }
         }
     }
 
-    /// Creates a new `BytesMut`, which is initialized with zero.
+    /// Creates a new `BytesMut` containing `len` zeros.
+    ///
+    /// The resulting object has a length of `len` and a capacity greater
+    /// than or equal to `len`. The entire length of the object will be filled
+    /// with zeros.
+    ///
+    /// On some platforms or allocators this function may be faster than
+    /// a manual implementation.
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
@@ -268,6 +280,7 @@ impl BytesMut {
     ///
     /// let zeros = BytesMut::zeroed(42);
     ///
+    /// assert!(zeros.capacity() >= 42);
     /// assert_eq!(zeros.len(), 42);
     /// zeros.into_iter().for_each(|x| assert_eq!(x, 0));
     /// ```
@@ -278,7 +291,9 @@ impl BytesMut {
     /// Splits the bytes into two at the given index.
     ///
     /// Afterwards `self` contains elements `[0, at)`, and the returned
-    /// `BytesMut` contains elements `[at, capacity)`.
+    /// `BytesMut` contains elements `[at, capacity)`. It's guaranteed that the
+    /// memory does not move, that is, the address of `self` does not change,
+    /// and the address of the returned slice is `at` bytes after that.
     ///
     /// This is an `O(1)` operation that just increases the reference count
     /// and sets a few indices.
@@ -311,8 +326,10 @@ impl BytesMut {
         );
         unsafe {
             let mut other = self.shallow_clone();
-            other.set_start(at);
-            self.set_end(at);
+            // SAFETY: We've checked that `at` <= `self.capacity()` above.
+            other.advance_unchecked(at);
+            self.cap = at;
+            self.len = cmp::min(self.len, at);
             other
         }
     }
@@ -342,7 +359,7 @@ impl BytesMut {
     ///
     /// assert_eq!(other, b"hello world"[..]);
     /// ```
-    #[must_use = "consider BytesMut::advance(len()) if you don't need the other half"]
+    #[must_use = "consider BytesMut::clear if you don't need the other half"]
     pub fn split(&mut self) -> BytesMut {
         let len = self.len();
         self.split_to(len)
@@ -385,8 +402,11 @@ impl BytesMut {
 
         unsafe {
             let mut other = self.shallow_clone();
-            other.set_end(at);
-            self.set_start(at);
+            // SAFETY: We've checked that `at` <= `self.len()` and we know that `self.len()` <=
+            // `self.capacity()`.
+            self.advance_unchecked(at);
+            other.cap = at;
+            other.len = at;
             other
         }
     }
@@ -399,7 +419,7 @@ impl BytesMut {
     ///
     /// Existing underlying capacity is preserved.
     ///
-    /// The [`split_off`] method can emulate `truncate`, but this causes the
+    /// The [split_off](`Self::split_off()`) method can emulate `truncate`, but this causes the
     /// excess bytes to be returned instead of dropped.
     ///
     /// # Examples
@@ -411,13 +431,10 @@ impl BytesMut {
     /// buf.truncate(5);
     /// assert_eq!(buf, b"hello"[..]);
     /// ```
-    ///
-    /// [`split_off`]: #method.split_off
     pub fn truncate(&mut self, len: usize) {
         if len <= self.len() {
-            unsafe {
-                self.set_len(len);
-            }
+            // SAFETY: Shrinking the buffer cannot expose uninitialized bytes.
+            unsafe { self.set_len(len) };
         }
     }
 
@@ -433,7 +450,8 @@ impl BytesMut {
     /// assert!(buf.is_empty());
     /// ```
     pub fn clear(&mut self) {
-        self.truncate(0);
+        // SAFETY: Setting the length to zero cannot expose uninitialized bytes.
+        unsafe { self.set_len(0) };
     }
 
     /// Resizes the buffer so that `len` is equal to `new_len`.
@@ -459,18 +477,26 @@ impl BytesMut {
     /// assert_eq!(&buf[..], &[0x1, 0x1, 0x3, 0x3]);
     /// ```
     pub fn resize(&mut self, new_len: usize, value: u8) {
-        let len = self.len();
-        if new_len > len {
-            let additional = new_len - len;
-            self.reserve(additional);
-            unsafe {
-                let dst = self.chunk_mut().as_mut_ptr();
-                ptr::write_bytes(dst, value, additional);
-                self.set_len(new_len);
-            }
+        let additional = if let Some(additional) = new_len.checked_sub(self.len()) {
+            additional
         } else {
             self.truncate(new_len);
+            return;
+        };
+
+        if additional == 0 {
+            return;
         }
+
+        self.reserve(additional);
+        let dst = self.spare_capacity_mut().as_mut_ptr();
+        // SAFETY: `spare_capacity_mut` returns a valid, properly aligned pointer and we've
+        // reserved enough space to write `additional` bytes.
+        unsafe { ptr::write_bytes(dst, value, additional) };
+
+        // SAFETY: There are at least `new_len` initialized bytes in the buffer so no
+        // uninitialized bytes are being exposed.
+        unsafe { self.set_len(new_len) };
     }
 
     /// Sets the length of the buffer.
@@ -573,12 +599,13 @@ impl BytesMut {
             return;
         }
 
-        self.reserve_inner(additional);
+        // will always succeed
+        let _ = self.reserve_inner(additional, true);
     }
 
-    // In separate function to allow the short-circuits in `reserve` to
-    // be inline-able. Significant helps performance.
-    fn reserve_inner(&mut self, additional: usize) {
+    // In separate function to allow the short-circuits in `reserve` and `try_reclaim` to
+    // be inline-able. Significantly helps performance. Returns false if it did not succeed.
+    fn reserve_inner(&mut self, additional: usize, allocate: bool) -> bool {
         let len = self.len();
         let kind = self.kind();
 
@@ -592,7 +619,7 @@ impl BytesMut {
             // We need to make sure that this optimization does not kill the
             // amortized runtimes of BytesMut's operations.
             unsafe {
-                let (off, prev) = self.get_vec_pos();
+                let off = self.get_vec_pos();
 
                 // Only reuse space if we can satisfy the requested additional space.
                 //
@@ -613,16 +640,19 @@ impl BytesMut {
                     //
                     // Just move the pointer back to the start after copying
                     // data back.
-                    let base_ptr = self.ptr.as_ptr().offset(-(off as isize));
+                    let base_ptr = self.ptr.as_ptr().sub(off);
                     // Since `off >= self.len()`, the two regions don't overlap.
                     ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(self.ptr.as_ptr(), base_ptr, self.len);
                     self.ptr = vptr(base_ptr);
-                    self.set_vec_pos(0, prev);
+                    self.set_vec_pos(0);
 
                     // Length stays constant, but since we moved backwards we
                     // can gain capacity back.
                     self.cap += off;
                 } else {
+                    if !allocate {
+                        return false;
+                    }
                     // Not enough space, or reusing might be too much overhead:
                     // allocate more space!
                     let mut v =
@@ -631,11 +661,11 @@ impl BytesMut {
 
                     // Update the info
                     self.ptr = vptr(v.as_mut_ptr().add(off));
-                    self.len = v.len() - off;
                     self.cap = v.capacity() - off;
+                    debug_assert_eq!(self.len, v.len() - off);
                 }
 
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
         }
 
@@ -646,15 +676,13 @@ impl BytesMut {
         // allocating a new vector with the requested capacity.
         //
         // Compute the new capacity
-        let mut new_cap = len.checked_add(additional).expect("overflow");
-
-        let original_capacity;
-        let original_capacity_repr;
+        let mut new_cap = match len.checked_add(additional) {
+            Some(new_cap) => new_cap,
+            None if !allocate => return false,
+            None => panic!("overflow"),
+        };
 
         unsafe {
-            original_capacity_repr = (*shared).original_capacity_repr;
-            original_capacity = original_capacity_from_repr(original_capacity_repr);
-
             // First, try to reclaim the buffer. This is possible if the current
             // handle is the only outstanding handle pointing to the buffer.
             if (*shared).is_unique() {
@@ -683,6 +711,9 @@ impl BytesMut {
                     self.ptr = vptr(ptr);
                     self.cap = v.capacity();
                 } else {
+                    if !allocate {
+                        return false;
+                    }
                     // calculate offset
                     let off = (self.ptr.as_ptr() as usize) - (v.as_ptr() as usize);
 
@@ -721,11 +752,17 @@ impl BytesMut {
                     self.cap = v.capacity() - off;
                 }
 
-                return;
-            } else {
-                new_cap = cmp::max(new_cap, original_capacity);
+                return true;
             }
         }
+        if !allocate {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        let original_capacity_repr = unsafe { (*shared).original_capacity_repr };
+        let original_capacity = original_capacity_from_repr(original_capacity_repr);
+
+        new_cap = cmp::max(new_cap, original_capacity);
 
         // Create a new vector to store the data
         let mut v = ManuallyDrop::new(Vec::with_capacity(new_cap));
@@ -741,8 +778,69 @@ impl BytesMut {
         let data = (original_capacity_repr << ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_OFFSET) | KIND_VEC;
         self.data = invalid_ptr(data);
         self.ptr = vptr(v.as_mut_ptr());
-        self.len = v.len();
         self.cap = v.capacity();
+        debug_assert_eq!(self.len, v.len());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// Attempts to cheaply reclaim already allocated capacity for at least `additional` more
+    /// bytes to be inserted into the given `BytesMut` and returns `true` if it succeeded.
+    ///
+    /// `try_reclaim` behaves exactly like `reserve`, except that it never allocates new storage
+    /// and returns a `bool` indicating whether it was successful in doing so:
+    ///
+    /// `try_reclaim` returns false under these conditions:
+    ///  - The spare capacity left is less than `additional` bytes AND
+    ///  - The existing allocation cannot be reclaimed cheaply or it was less than
+    ///    `additional` bytes in size
+    ///
+    /// Reclaiming the allocation cheaply is possible if the `BytesMut` has no outstanding
+    /// references through other `BytesMut`s or `Bytes` which point to the same underlying
+    /// storage.
+    ///
+    /// # Examples
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// use bytes::BytesMut;
+    ///
+    /// let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);
+    /// assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(64));
+    /// assert_eq!(64, buf.capacity());
+    ///
+    /// buf.extend_from_slice(b"abcd");
+    /// let mut split = buf.split();
+    /// assert_eq!(60, buf.capacity());
+    /// assert_eq!(4, split.capacity());
+    /// assert_eq!(false, split.try_reclaim(64));
+    /// assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(64));
+    /// // The split buffer is filled with "abcd"
+    /// assert_eq!(false, split.try_reclaim(4));
+    /// // buf is empty and has capacity for 60 bytes
+    /// assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(60));
+    ///
+    /// drop(buf);
+    /// assert_eq!(false, split.try_reclaim(64));
+    ///
+    /// split.clear();
+    /// assert_eq!(4, split.capacity());
+    /// assert_eq!(true, split.try_reclaim(64));
+    /// assert_eq!(64, split.capacity());
+    /// ```
+    // I tried splitting out try_reclaim_inner after the short circuits, but it was inlined
+    // regardless with Rust 1.78.0 so probably not worth it
+    #[inline]
+    #[must_use = "consider BytesMut::reserve if you need an infallible reservation"]
+    pub fn try_reclaim(&mut self, additional: usize) -> bool {
+        let len = self.len();
+        let rem = self.capacity() - len;
+
+        if additional <= rem {
+            // The handle can already store at least `additional` more bytes, so
+            // there is no further work needed to be done.
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        self.reserve_inner(additional, false)
     }
 
     /// Appends given bytes to this `BytesMut`.
@@ -823,11 +921,11 @@ impl BytesMut {
     // internal change could make a simple pattern (`BytesMut::from(vec)`)
     // suddenly a lot more expensive.
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn from_vec(mut vec: Vec<u8>) -> BytesMut {
+    pub(crate) fn from_vec(vec: Vec<u8>) -> BytesMut {
+        let mut vec = ManuallyDrop::new(vec);
         let ptr = vptr(vec.as_mut_ptr());
         let len = vec.len();
         let cap = vec.capacity();
-        mem::forget(vec);
 
         let original_capacity_repr = original_capacity_to_repr(cap);
         let data = (original_capacity_repr << ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_OFFSET) | KIND_VEC;
@@ -850,14 +948,19 @@ impl BytesMut {
         unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.ptr.as_ptr(), self.len) }
     }
 
-    unsafe fn set_start(&mut self, start: usize) {
+    /// Advance the buffer without bounds checking.
+    ///
+    /// # SAFETY
+    ///
+    /// The caller must ensure that `count` <= `self.cap`.
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn advance_unchecked(&mut self, count: usize) {
         // Setting the start to 0 is a no-op, so return early if this is the
         // case.
-        if start == 0 {
+        if count == 0 {
             return;
         }
 
-        debug_assert!(start <= self.cap, "internal: set_start out of bounds");
+        debug_assert!(count <= self.cap, "internal: set_start out of bounds");
 
         let kind = self.kind();
 
@@ -866,11 +969,10 @@ impl BytesMut {
             // complicated. First, we have to track how far ahead the
             // "start" of the byte buffer from the beginning of the vec. We
             // also have to ensure that we don't exceed the maximum shift.
-            let (mut pos, prev) = self.get_vec_pos();
-            pos += start;
+            let pos = self.get_vec_pos() + count;
 
             if pos <= MAX_VEC_POS {
-                self.set_vec_pos(pos, prev);
+                self.set_vec_pos(pos);
             } else {
                 // The repr must be upgraded to ARC. This will never happen
                 // on 64 bit systems and will only happen on 32 bit systems
@@ -883,23 +985,9 @@ impl BytesMut {
         // Updating the start of the view is setting `ptr` to point to the
         // new start and updating the `len` field to reflect the new length
         // of the view.
-        self.ptr = vptr(self.ptr.as_ptr().add(start));
-
-        if self.len >= start {
-            self.len -= start;
-        } else {
-            self.len = 0;
-        }
-
-        self.cap -= start;
-    }
-
-    unsafe fn set_end(&mut self, end: usize) {
-        debug_assert_eq!(self.kind(), KIND_ARC);
-        assert!(end <= self.cap, "set_end out of bounds");
-
-        self.cap = end;
-        self.len = cmp::min(self.len, end);
+        self.ptr = vptr(self.ptr.as_ptr().add(count));
+        self.len = self.len.checked_sub(count).unwrap_or(0);
+        self.cap -= count;
     }
 
     fn try_unsplit(&mut self, other: BytesMut) -> Result<(), BytesMut> {
@@ -978,19 +1066,18 @@ impl BytesMut {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    unsafe fn get_vec_pos(&mut self) -> (usize, usize) {
+    unsafe fn get_vec_pos(&self) -> usize {
         debug_assert_eq!(self.kind(), KIND_VEC);
 
-        let prev = self.data as usize;
-        (prev >> VEC_POS_OFFSET, prev)
+        self.data as usize >> VEC_POS_OFFSET
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    unsafe fn set_vec_pos(&mut self, pos: usize, prev: usize) {
+    unsafe fn set_vec_pos(&mut self, pos: usize) {
         debug_assert_eq!(self.kind(), KIND_VEC);
         debug_assert!(pos <= MAX_VEC_POS);
 
-        self.data = invalid_ptr((pos << VEC_POS_OFFSET) | (prev & NOT_VEC_POS_MASK));
+        self.data = invalid_ptr((pos << VEC_POS_OFFSET) | (self.data as usize & NOT_VEC_POS_MASK));
     }
 
     /// Returns the remaining spare capacity of the buffer as a slice of `MaybeUninit<u8>`.
@@ -1039,7 +1126,7 @@ impl Drop for BytesMut {
 
         if kind == KIND_VEC {
             unsafe {
-                let (off, _) = self.get_vec_pos();
+                let off = self.get_vec_pos();
 
                 // Vector storage, free the vector
                 let _ = rebuild_vec(self.ptr.as_ptr(), self.len, self.cap, off);
@@ -1070,11 +1157,13 @@ impl Buf for BytesMut {
             self.remaining(),
         );
         unsafe {
-            self.set_start(cnt);
+            // SAFETY: We've checked that `cnt` <= `self.remaining()` and we know that
+            // `self.remaining()` <= `self.cap`.
+            self.advance_unchecked(cnt);
         }
     }
 
-    fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> crate::Bytes {
+    fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> Bytes {
         self.split_to(len).freeze()
     }
 }
@@ -1087,14 +1176,15 @@ unsafe impl BufMut for BytesMut {
 
     #[inline]
     unsafe fn advance_mut(&mut self, cnt: usize) {
-        let new_len = self.len() + cnt;
-        assert!(
-            new_len <= self.cap,
-            "new_len = {}; capacity = {}",
-            new_len,
-            self.cap
-        );
-        self.len = new_len;
+        let remaining = self.cap - self.len();
+        if cnt > remaining {
+            super::panic_advance(&TryGetError {
+                requested: cnt,
+                available: remaining,
+            });
+        }
+        // Addition won't overflow since it is at most `self.cap`.
+        self.len = self.len() + cnt;
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -1108,7 +1198,7 @@ unsafe impl BufMut for BytesMut {
     // Specialize these methods so they can skip checking `remaining_mut`
     // and `advance_mut`.
 
-    fn put<T: crate::Buf>(&mut self, mut src: T)
+    fn put<T: Buf>(&mut self, mut src: T)
     where
         Self: Sized,
     {
@@ -1288,9 +1378,7 @@ impl Extend<u8> for BytesMut {
 
         // TODO: optimize
         // 1. If self.kind() == KIND_VEC, use Vec::extend
-        // 2. Make `reserve` inline-able
         for b in iter {
-            self.reserve(1);
             self.put_u8(b);
         }
     }
@@ -1407,57 +1495,60 @@ fn original_capacity_from_repr(repr: usize) -> usize {
     1 << (repr + (MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH - 1))
 }
 
-/*
-#[test]
-fn test_original_capacity_to_repr() {
-    assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(0), 0);
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
 
-    let max_width = 32;
+    #[test]
+    fn test_original_capacity_to_repr() {
+        assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(0), 0);
 
-    for width in 1..(max_width + 1) {
-        let cap = 1 << width - 1;
+        let max_width = 32;
 
-        let expected = if width < MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH {
-            0
-        } else if width < MAX_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH {
-            width - MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH
-        } else {
-            MAX_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH - MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH
-        };
+        for width in 1..(max_width + 1) {
+            let cap = 1 << width - 1;
 
-        assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap), expected);
+            let expected = if width < MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH {
+                0
+            } else if width < MAX_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH {
+                width - MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH
+            } else {
+                MAX_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH - MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH
+            };
 
-        if width > 1 {
-            assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap + 1), expected);
-        }
+            assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap), expected);
 
-        //  MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH must be bigger than 7 to pass tests below
-        if width == MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH + 1 {
-            assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap - 24), expected - 1);
-            assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap + 76), expected);
-        } else if width == MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH + 2 {
-            assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap - 1), expected - 1);
-            assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap - 48), expected - 1);
+            if width > 1 {
+                assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap + 1), expected);
+            }
+
+            //  MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH must be bigger than 7 to pass tests below
+            if width == MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH + 1 {
+                assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap - 24), expected - 1);
+                assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap + 76), expected);
+            } else if width == MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH + 2 {
+                assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap - 1), expected - 1);
+                assert_eq!(original_capacity_to_repr(cap - 48), expected - 1);
+            }
         }
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_original_capacity_from_repr() {
+        assert_eq!(0, original_capacity_from_repr(0));
+
+        let min_cap = 1 << MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH;
+
+        assert_eq!(min_cap, original_capacity_from_repr(1));
+        assert_eq!(min_cap * 2, original_capacity_from_repr(2));
+        assert_eq!(min_cap * 4, original_capacity_from_repr(3));
+        assert_eq!(min_cap * 8, original_capacity_from_repr(4));
+        assert_eq!(min_cap * 16, original_capacity_from_repr(5));
+        assert_eq!(min_cap * 32, original_capacity_from_repr(6));
+        assert_eq!(min_cap * 64, original_capacity_from_repr(7));
+    }
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_original_capacity_from_repr() {
-    assert_eq!(0, original_capacity_from_repr(0));
-
-    let min_cap = 1 << MIN_ORIGINAL_CAPACITY_WIDTH;
-
-    assert_eq!(min_cap, original_capacity_from_repr(1));
-    assert_eq!(min_cap * 2, original_capacity_from_repr(2));
-    assert_eq!(min_cap * 4, original_capacity_from_repr(3));
-    assert_eq!(min_cap * 8, original_capacity_from_repr(4));
-    assert_eq!(min_cap * 16, original_capacity_from_repr(5));
-    assert_eq!(min_cap * 32, original_capacity_from_repr(6));
-    assert_eq!(min_cap * 64, original_capacity_from_repr(7));
-}
-*/
-
 unsafe impl Send for BytesMut {}
 unsafe impl Sync for BytesMut {}
 
@@ -1618,15 +1709,16 @@ impl PartialEq<Bytes> for BytesMut {
 }
 
 impl From<BytesMut> for Vec<u8> {
-    fn from(mut bytes: BytesMut) -> Self {
+    fn from(bytes: BytesMut) -> Self {
         let kind = bytes.kind();
+        let bytes = ManuallyDrop::new(bytes);
 
         let mut vec = if kind == KIND_VEC {
             unsafe {
-                let (off, _) = bytes.get_vec_pos();
+                let off = bytes.get_vec_pos();
                 rebuild_vec(bytes.ptr.as_ptr(), bytes.len, bytes.cap, off)
             }
-        } else if kind == KIND_ARC {
+        } else {
             let shared = bytes.data as *mut Shared;
 
             if unsafe { (*shared).is_unique() } {
@@ -1636,10 +1728,8 @@ impl From<BytesMut> for Vec<u8> {
 
                 vec
             } else {
-                return bytes.deref().to_vec();
+                return ManuallyDrop::into_inner(bytes).deref().to_vec();
             }
-        } else {
-            return bytes.deref().to_vec();
         };
 
         let len = bytes.len;
@@ -1649,8 +1739,6 @@ impl From<BytesMut> for Vec<u8> {
             vec.set_len(len);
         }
 
-        mem::forget(bytes);
-
         vec
     }
 }
@@ -1676,25 +1764,8 @@ fn invalid_ptr<T>(addr: usize) -> *mut T {
     ptr.cast::<T>()
 }
 
-/// Precondition: dst >= original
-///
-/// The following line is equivalent to:
-///
-/// ```rust,ignore
-/// self.ptr.as_ptr().offset_from(ptr) as usize;
-/// ```
-///
-/// But due to min rust is 1.39 and it is only stablised
-/// in 1.47, we cannot use it.
-#[inline]
-fn offset_from(dst: *mut u8, original: *mut u8) -> usize {
-    debug_assert!(dst >= original);
-
-    dst as usize - original as usize
-}
-
 unsafe fn rebuild_vec(ptr: *mut u8, mut len: usize, mut cap: usize, off: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
-    let ptr = ptr.offset(-(off as isize));
+    let ptr = ptr.sub(off);
     len += off;
     cap += off;
 
@@ -1706,6 +1777,8 @@ unsafe fn rebuild_vec(ptr: *mut u8, mut len: usize, mut cap: usize, off: usize)
 static SHARED_VTABLE: Vtable = Vtable {
     clone: shared_v_clone,
     to_vec: shared_v_to_vec,
+    to_mut: shared_v_to_mut,
+    is_unique: shared_v_is_unique,
     drop: shared_v_drop,
 };
 
@@ -1739,6 +1812,41 @@ unsafe fn shared_v_to_vec(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> V
     }
 }
 
+unsafe fn shared_v_to_mut(data: &AtomicPtr<()>, ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> BytesMut {
+    let shared: *mut Shared = data.load(Ordering::Relaxed).cast();
+
+    if (*shared).is_unique() {
+        let shared = &mut *shared;
+
+        // The capacity is always the original capacity of the buffer
+        // minus the offset from the start of the buffer
+        let v = &mut shared.vec;
+        let v_capacity = v.capacity();
+        let v_ptr = v.as_mut_ptr();
+        let offset = offset_from(ptr as *mut u8, v_ptr);
+        let cap = v_capacity - offset;
+
+        let ptr = vptr(ptr as *mut u8);
+
+        BytesMut {
+            ptr,
+            len,
+            cap,
+            data: shared,
+        }
+    } else {
+        let v = slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len).to_vec();
+        release_shared(shared);
+        BytesMut::from_vec(v)
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe fn shared_v_is_unique(data: &AtomicPtr<()>) -> bool {
+    let shared = data.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+    let ref_count = (*shared.cast::<Shared>()).ref_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+    ref_count == 1
+}
+
 unsafe fn shared_v_drop(data: &mut AtomicPtr<()>, _ptr: *const u8, _len: usize) {
     data.with_mut(|shared| {
         release_shared(*shared as *mut Shared);

src/fmt/debug.rs

@@ -36,14 +36,5 @@ impl Debug for BytesRef<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-impl Debug for Bytes {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
-        Debug::fmt(&BytesRef(self.as_ref()), f)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Debug for BytesMut {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
-        Debug::fmt(&BytesRef(self.as_ref()), f)
-    }
-}
+fmt_impl!(Debug, Bytes);
+fmt_impl!(Debug, BytesMut);

src/fmt/hex.rs

@@ -21,17 +21,7 @@ impl UpperHex for BytesRef<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-macro_rules! hex_impl {
-    ($tr:ident, $ty:ty) => {
-        impl $tr for $ty {
-            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
-                $tr::fmt(&BytesRef(self.as_ref()), f)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-hex_impl!(LowerHex, Bytes);
-hex_impl!(LowerHex, BytesMut);
-hex_impl!(UpperHex, Bytes);
-hex_impl!(UpperHex, BytesMut);
+fmt_impl!(LowerHex, Bytes);
+fmt_impl!(LowerHex, BytesMut);
+fmt_impl!(UpperHex, Bytes);
+fmt_impl!(UpperHex, BytesMut);

src/fmt/mod.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+macro_rules! fmt_impl {
+    ($tr:ident, $ty:ty) => {
+        impl $tr for $ty {
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+                $tr::fmt(&BytesRef(self.as_ref()), f)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
 mod debug;
 mod hex;
 

src/lib.rs

@@ -9,12 +9,9 @@
 //! Provides abstractions for working with bytes.
 //!
 //! The `bytes` crate provides an efficient byte buffer structure
-//! ([`Bytes`](struct.Bytes.html)) and traits for working with buffer
+//! ([`Bytes`]) and traits for working with buffer
 //! implementations ([`Buf`], [`BufMut`]).
 //!
-//! [`Buf`]: trait.Buf.html
-//! [`BufMut`]: trait.BufMut.html
-//!
 //! # `Bytes`
 //!
 //! `Bytes` is an efficient container for storing and operating on contiguous
@@ -52,9 +49,7 @@
 //! `a` and `b` will share the underlying buffer and maintain indices tracking
 //! the view into the buffer represented by the handle.
 //!
-//! See the [struct docs] for more details.
-//!
-//! [struct docs]: struct.Bytes.html
+//! See the [struct docs](`Bytes`) for more details.
 //!
 //! # `Buf`, `BufMut`
 //!
@@ -70,7 +65,7 @@
 //! ## Relation with `Read` and `Write`
 //!
 //! At first glance, it may seem that `Buf` and `BufMut` overlap in
-//! functionality with `std::io::Read` and `std::io::Write`. However, they
+//! functionality with [`std::io::Read`] and [`std::io::Write`]. However, they
 //! serve different purposes. A buffer is the value that is provided as an
 //! argument to `Read::read` and `Write::write`. `Read` and `Write` may then
 //! perform a syscall, which has the potential of failing. Operations on `Buf`
@@ -115,3 +110,90 @@ fn abort() -> ! {
         panic!("abort");
     }
 }
+
+#[inline(always)]
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+fn saturating_sub_usize_u64(a: usize, b: u64) -> usize {
+    use core::convert::TryFrom;
+    match usize::try_from(b) {
+        Ok(b) => a.saturating_sub(b),
+        Err(_) => 0,
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+fn min_u64_usize(a: u64, b: usize) -> usize {
+    use core::convert::TryFrom;
+    match usize::try_from(a) {
+        Ok(a) => usize::min(a, b),
+        Err(_) => b,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Error type for the `try_get_` methods of [`Buf`].
+/// Indicates that there were not enough remaining
+/// bytes in the buffer while attempting
+/// to get a value from a [`Buf`] with one
+/// of the `try_get_` methods.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct TryGetError {
+    /// The number of bytes necessary to get the value
+    pub requested: usize,
+
+    /// The number of bytes available in the buffer
+    pub available: usize,
+}
+
+impl core::fmt::Display for TryGetError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), core::fmt::Error> {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "Not enough bytes remaining in buffer to read value (requested {} but only {} available)",
+            self.requested,
+            self.available
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl std::error::Error for TryGetError {}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+impl From<TryGetError> for std::io::Error {
+    fn from(error: TryGetError) -> Self {
+        std::io::Error::new(std::io::ErrorKind::Other, error)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Panic with a nice error message.
+#[cold]
+fn panic_advance(error_info: &TryGetError) -> ! {
+    panic!(
+        "advance out of bounds: the len is {} but advancing by {}",
+        error_info.available, error_info.requested
+    );
+}
+
+#[cold]
+fn panic_does_not_fit(size: usize, nbytes: usize) -> ! {
+    panic!(
+        "size too large: the integer type can fit {} bytes, but nbytes is {}",
+        size, nbytes
+    );
+}
+
+/// Precondition: dst >= original
+///
+/// The following line is equivalent to:
+///
+/// ```rust,ignore
+/// self.ptr.as_ptr().offset_from(ptr) as usize;
+/// ```
+///
+/// But due to min rust is 1.39 and it is only stabilized
+/// in 1.47, we cannot use it.
+#[inline]
+fn offset_from(dst: *const u8, original: *const u8) -> usize {
+    dst as usize - original as usize
+}

src/loom.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 #[cfg(not(all(test, loom)))]
 pub(crate) mod sync {
     pub(crate) mod atomic {
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "extra-platforms"))]
         pub(crate) use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+        #[cfg(feature = "extra-platforms")]
+        pub(crate) use extra_platforms::{AtomicPtr, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 
         pub(crate) trait AtomicMut<T> {
             fn with_mut<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R

tests/test_buf.rs

@@ -1,75 +1,410 @@
 #![warn(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
-use bytes::Buf;
+use ::bytes::{Buf, Bytes, BytesMut};
+use core::{cmp, mem};
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
 use std::io::IoSlice;
 
-#[test]
-fn test_fresh_cursor_vec() {
-    let mut buf = &b"hello"[..];
+// A random 64-byte ascii string, with the first 8 bytes altered to
+// give valid representations of f32 and f64 (making them easier to compare)
+// and negative signed numbers when interpreting as big endian
+// (testing Sign Extension for `Buf::get_int' and `Buf::get_int_ne`).
+const INPUT: &[u8] = b"\xffFqrjrDqPhvTc45vvq33f6bJrUtyHESuTeklWKgYd64xgzxJwvAkpYYnpNJyZSRn";
 
-    assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 5);
-    assert_eq!(buf.chunk(), b"hello");
-
-    buf.advance(2);
-
-    assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 3);
-    assert_eq!(buf.chunk(), b"llo");
-
-    buf.advance(3);
-
-    assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 0);
-    assert_eq!(buf.chunk(), b"");
+macro_rules! e {
+    ($big_endian_val:expr, $little_endian_val:expr) => {
+        if cfg!(target_endian = "big") {
+            $big_endian_val
+        } else {
+            $little_endian_val
+        }
+    };
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_get_u8() {
-    let mut buf = &b"\x21zomg"[..];
-    assert_eq!(0x21, buf.get_u8());
+macro_rules! buf_tests {
+    ($make_input:ident) => {
+        buf_tests!($make_input, true);
+    };
+    ($make_input:ident, $checks_vectored_is_complete:expr) => {
+        use super::*;
+
+        #[test]
+        fn empty_state() {
+            let buf = $make_input(&[]);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 0);
+            assert!(!buf.has_remaining());
+            assert!(buf.chunk().is_empty());
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn fresh_state() {
+            let buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 64);
+            assert!(buf.has_remaining());
+
+            let chunk = buf.chunk();
+            assert!(chunk.len() <= 64);
+            assert!(INPUT.starts_with(chunk));
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn advance() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+            buf.advance(8);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 64 - 8);
+            assert!(buf.has_remaining());
+
+            let chunk = buf.chunk();
+            assert!(chunk.len() <= 64 - 8);
+            assert!(INPUT[8..].starts_with(chunk));
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn advance_to_end() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+            buf.advance(64);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 0);
+            assert!(!buf.has_remaining());
+
+            let chunk = buf.chunk();
+            assert!(chunk.is_empty());
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        #[should_panic]
+        fn advance_past_end() {
+            let  mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+            buf.advance(65);
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+        fn chunks_vectored_empty() {
+            let  buf = $make_input(&[]);
+            let mut bufs = [IoSlice::new(&[]); 16];
+
+            let n = buf.chunks_vectored(&mut bufs);
+            assert_eq!(n, 0);
+            assert!(bufs.iter().all(|buf| buf.is_empty()));
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+        fn chunks_vectored_is_complete() {
+            let buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+            let mut bufs = [IoSlice::new(&[]); 16];
+
+            let n = buf.chunks_vectored(&mut bufs);
+            assert!(n > 0);
+            assert!(n <= 16);
+
+            let bufs_concat = bufs[..n]
+                .iter()
+                .flat_map(|b| b.iter().copied())
+                .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
+            if $checks_vectored_is_complete {
+                assert_eq!(bufs_concat, INPUT);
+            } else {
+                // If this panics then `buf` implements `chunks_vectored`.
+                // Remove the `false` argument from `buf_tests!` for that type.
+                assert!(bufs_concat.len() < INPUT.len());
+                assert!(INPUT.starts_with(&bufs_concat));
+            }
+
+            for i in n..16 {
+                assert!(bufs[i].is_empty());
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn copy_to_slice() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let mut chunk = [0u8; 8];
+            buf.copy_to_slice(&mut chunk);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 64 - 8);
+            assert!(buf.has_remaining());
+            assert_eq!(chunk, INPUT[..8]);
+
+            let chunk = buf.chunk();
+            assert!(chunk.len() <= 64 - 8);
+            assert!(INPUT[8..].starts_with(chunk));
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn copy_to_slice_big() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let mut chunk = [0u8; 56];
+            buf.copy_to_slice(&mut chunk);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 64 - 56);
+            assert!(buf.has_remaining());
+            assert_eq!(chunk, INPUT[..56]);
+
+            let chunk = buf.chunk();
+            assert!(chunk.len() <= 64 - 56);
+            assert!(INPUT[56..].starts_with(chunk));
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn copy_to_slice_to_end() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let mut chunk = [0u8; 64];
+            buf.copy_to_slice(&mut chunk);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 0);
+            assert!(!buf.has_remaining());
+            assert_eq!(chunk, INPUT);
+
+            assert!(buf.chunk().is_empty());
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        #[should_panic]
+        fn copy_to_slice_overflow() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let mut chunk = [0u8; 65];
+            buf.copy_to_slice(&mut chunk);
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn copy_to_bytes() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let chunk = buf.copy_to_bytes(8);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 64 - 8);
+            assert!(buf.has_remaining());
+            assert_eq!(chunk, INPUT[..8]);
+
+            let chunk = buf.chunk();
+            assert!(chunk.len() <= 64 - 8);
+            assert!(INPUT[8..].starts_with(chunk));
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn copy_to_bytes_big() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let chunk = buf.copy_to_bytes(56);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 64 - 56);
+            assert!(buf.has_remaining());
+            assert_eq!(chunk, INPUT[..56]);
+
+            let chunk = buf.chunk();
+            assert!(chunk.len() <= 64 - 56);
+            assert!(INPUT[56..].starts_with(chunk));
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn copy_to_bytes_to_end() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let chunk = buf.copy_to_bytes(64);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 0);
+            assert!(!buf.has_remaining());
+            assert_eq!(chunk, INPUT);
+
+            assert!(buf.chunk().is_empty());
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        #[should_panic]
+        fn copy_to_bytes_overflow() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let _ = buf.copy_to_bytes(65);
+        }
+
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u8, get_u8_overflow, u8, get_u8, 0xff);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i8, get_i8_overflow, i8, get_i8, 0xffu8 as i8);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u16_be, get_u16_be_overflow, u16, get_u16, 0xff46);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u16_le, get_u16_le_overflow, u16, get_u16_le, 0x46ff);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u16_ne, get_u16_ne_overflow, u16, get_u16_ne, e!(0xff46, 0x46ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i16_be, get_i16_be_overflow, i16, get_i16, 0xff46u16 as i16);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i16_le, get_i16_le_overflow, i16, get_i16_le, 0x46ff);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i16_ne, get_i16_ne_overflow, i16, get_i16_ne, e!(0xff46u16 as i16, 0x46ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u32_be, get_u32_be_overflow, u32, get_u32, 0xff467172);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u32_le, get_u32_le_overflow, u32, get_u32_le, 0x727146ff);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u32_ne, get_u32_ne_overflow, u32, get_u32_ne, e!(0xff467172, 0x727146ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i32_be, get_i32_be_overflow, i32, get_i32, 0xff467172u32 as i32);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i32_le, get_i32_le_overflow, i32, get_i32_le, 0x727146ff);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i32_ne, get_i32_ne_overflow, i32, get_i32_ne, e!(0xff467172u32 as i32, 0x727146ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u64_be, get_u64_be_overflow, u64, get_u64, 0xff4671726a724471);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u64_le, get_u64_le_overflow, u64, get_u64_le, 0x7144726a727146ff);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u64_ne, get_u64_ne_overflow, u64, get_u64_ne, e!(0xff4671726a724471, 0x7144726a727146ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i64_be, get_i64_be_overflow, i64, get_i64, 0xff4671726a724471u64 as i64);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i64_le, get_i64_le_overflow, i64, get_i64_le, 0x7144726a727146ff);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i64_ne, get_i64_ne_overflow, i64, get_i64_ne, e!(0xff4671726a724471u64 as i64, 0x7144726a727146ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u128_be, get_u128_be_overflow, u128, get_u128, 0xff4671726a7244715068765463343576);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u128_le, get_u128_le_overflow, u128, get_u128_le, 0x76353463547668507144726a727146ff);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_u128_ne, get_u128_ne_overflow, u128, get_u128_ne, e!(0xff4671726a7244715068765463343576, 0x76353463547668507144726a727146ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i128_be, get_i128_be_overflow, i128, get_i128, 0xff4671726a7244715068765463343576u128 as i128);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i128_le, get_i128_le_overflow, i128, get_i128_le, 0x76353463547668507144726a727146ff);
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_i128_ne, get_i128_ne_overflow, i128, get_i128_ne, e!(0xff4671726a7244715068765463343576u128 as i128, 0x76353463547668507144726a727146ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_f32_be, get_f32_be_overflow, f32, get_f32, f32::from_bits(0xff467172));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_f32_le, get_f32_le_overflow, f32, get_f32_le, f32::from_bits(0x727146ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_f32_ne, get_f32_ne_overflow, f32, get_f32_ne, f32::from_bits(e!(0xff467172, 0x727146ff)));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_f64_be, get_f64_be_overflow, f64, get_f64, f64::from_bits(0xff4671726a724471));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_f64_le, get_f64_le_overflow, f64, get_f64_le, f64::from_bits(0x7144726a727146ff));
+        buf_tests!(number $make_input, get_f64_ne, get_f64_ne_overflow, f64, get_f64_ne, f64::from_bits(e!(0xff4671726a724471, 0x7144726a727146ff)));
+
+        buf_tests!(var_number $make_input, get_uint_be, get_uint_be_overflow, u64, get_uint, 3, 0xff4671);
+        buf_tests!(var_number $make_input, get_uint_le, get_uint_le_overflow, u64, get_uint_le, 3, 0x7146ff);
+        buf_tests!(var_number $make_input, get_uint_ne, get_uint_ne_overflow, u64, get_uint_ne, 3, e!(0xff4671, 0x7146ff));
+        buf_tests!(var_number $make_input, get_int_be, get_int_be_overflow, i64, get_int, 3, 0xffffffffffff4671u64 as i64);
+        buf_tests!(var_number $make_input, get_int_le, get_int_le_overflow, i64, get_int_le, 3, 0x7146ff);
+        buf_tests!(var_number $make_input, get_int_ne, get_int_ne_overflow, i64, get_int_ne, 3, e!(0xffffffffffff4671u64 as i64, 0x7146ff));
+    };
+    (number $make_input:ident, $ok_name:ident, $panic_name:ident, $number:ty, $method:ident, $value:expr) => {
+        #[test]
+        fn $ok_name() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let value = buf.$method();
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 64 - mem::size_of::<$number>());
+            assert!(buf.has_remaining());
+            assert_eq!(value, $value);
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        #[should_panic]
+        fn $panic_name() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(&[]);
+
+            let _ = buf.$method();
+        }
+    };
+    (var_number $make_input:ident, $ok_name:ident, $panic_name:ident, $number:ty, $method:ident, $len:expr, $value:expr) => {
+        #[test]
+        fn $ok_name() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(INPUT);
+
+            let value = buf.$method($len);
+            assert_eq!(buf.remaining(), 64 - $len);
+            assert!(buf.has_remaining());
+            assert_eq!(value, $value);
+        }
+
+        #[test]
+        #[should_panic]
+        fn $panic_name() {
+            let mut buf = $make_input(&[]);
+
+            let _ = buf.$method($len);
+        }
+    };
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_get_u16() {
-    let mut buf = &b"\x21\x54zomg"[..];
-    assert_eq!(0x2154, buf.get_u16());
-    let mut buf = &b"\x21\x54zomg"[..];
-    assert_eq!(0x5421, buf.get_u16_le());
+mod u8_slice {
+    fn make_input(buf: &'static [u8]) -> &'static [u8] {
+        buf
+    }
+
+    buf_tests!(make_input);
 }
 
-#[test]
-#[should_panic]
-fn test_get_u16_buffer_underflow() {
-    let mut buf = &b"\x21"[..];
-    buf.get_u16();
+mod bytes {
+    fn make_input(buf: &'static [u8]) -> impl Buf {
+        Bytes::from_static(buf)
+    }
+
+    buf_tests!(make_input);
+}
+
+mod bytes_mut {
+    fn make_input(buf: &'static [u8]) -> impl Buf {
+        BytesMut::from(buf)
+    }
+
+    buf_tests!(make_input);
+}
+
+mod vec_deque {
+    fn make_input(buf: &'static [u8]) -> impl Buf {
+        let mut deque = VecDeque::new();
+
+        if !buf.is_empty() {
+            // Construct |b|some bytes|a| `VecDeque`
+            let mid = buf.len() / 2;
+            let (a, b) = buf.split_at(mid);
+
+            deque.reserve_exact(buf.len() + 1);
+
+            let extra_space = deque.capacity() - b.len() - 1;
+            deque.resize(extra_space, 0);
+
+            deque.extend(a);
+            deque.drain(..extra_space);
+            deque.extend(b);
+
+            let (a, b) = deque.as_slices();
+            assert!(
+                !a.is_empty(),
+                "could not setup test - attempt to create discontiguous VecDeque failed"
+            );
+            assert!(
+                !b.is_empty(),
+                "could not setup test - attempt to create discontiguous VecDeque failed"
+            );
+        }
+
+        deque
+    }
+
+    buf_tests!(make_input, true);
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "std")]
-#[test]
-fn test_bufs_vec() {
-    let buf = &b"hello world"[..];
+mod cursor {
+    use std::io::Cursor;
 
-    let b1: &[u8] = &mut [];
-    let b2: &[u8] = &mut [];
+    fn make_input(buf: &'static [u8]) -> impl Buf {
+        Cursor::new(buf)
+    }
 
-    let mut dst = [IoSlice::new(b1), IoSlice::new(b2)];
-
-    assert_eq!(1, buf.chunks_vectored(&mut dst[..]));
+    buf_tests!(make_input);
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_vec_deque() {
-    use std::collections::VecDeque;
+mod box_bytes {
+    fn make_input(buf: &'static [u8]) -> impl Buf {
+        Box::new(Bytes::from_static(buf))
+    }
 
-    let mut buffer: VecDeque<u8> = VecDeque::new();
-    buffer.extend(b"hello world");
-    assert_eq!(11, buffer.remaining());
-    assert_eq!(b"hello world", buffer.chunk());
-    buffer.advance(6);
-    assert_eq!(b"world", buffer.chunk());
-    buffer.extend(b" piece");
-    let mut out = [0; 11];
-    buffer.copy_to_slice(&mut out);
-    assert_eq!(b"world piece", &out[..]);
+    buf_tests!(make_input);
+}
+
+mod chain_u8_slice {
+    fn make_input(buf: &'static [u8]) -> impl Buf {
+        let (a, b) = buf.split_at(buf.len() / 2);
+        Buf::chain(a, b)
+    }
+
+    buf_tests!(make_input);
+}
+
+mod chain_small_big_u8_slice {
+    fn make_input(buf: &'static [u8]) -> impl Buf {
+        let mid = cmp::min(1, buf.len());
+        let (a, b) = buf.split_at(mid);
+        Buf::chain(a, b)
+    }
+
+    buf_tests!(make_input);
+}
+
+mod chain_limited_slices {
+    fn make_input(buf: &'static [u8]) -> impl Buf {
+        let buf3 = &buf[cmp::min(buf.len(), 3)..];
+        let a = Buf::take(buf3, 0);
+        let b = Buf::take(buf, 3);
+        let c = Buf::take(buf3, usize::MAX);
+        let d = buf;
+        Buf::take(Buf::chain(Buf::chain(a, b), Buf::chain(c, d)), buf.len())
+    }
+
+    buf_tests!(make_input, true);
 }
 
 #[allow(unused_allocation)] // This is intentional.
@@ -102,20 +437,3 @@ fn test_deref_buf_forwards() {
     assert_eq!((Box::new(Special) as Box<dyn Buf>).get_u8(), b'x');
     assert_eq!(Box::new(Special).get_u8(), b'x');
 }
-
-#[test]
-fn copy_to_bytes_less() {
-    let mut buf = &b"hello world"[..];
-
-    let bytes = buf.copy_to_bytes(5);
-    assert_eq!(bytes, &b"hello"[..]);
-    assert_eq!(buf, &b" world"[..])
-}
-
-#[test]
-#[should_panic]
-fn copy_to_bytes_overflow() {
-    let mut buf = &b"hello world"[..];
-
-    let _bytes = buf.copy_to_bytes(12);
-}

tests/test_buf_mut.rs

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ fn test_put_int_le_nbytes_overflow() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-#[should_panic(expected = "cannot advance")]
+#[should_panic(expected = "advance out of bounds: the len is 8 but advancing by 12")]
 fn test_vec_advance_mut() {
     // Verify fix for #354
     let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(8);

tests/test_bytes.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 #![warn(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
 use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
+use std::panic::{self, AssertUnwindSafe};
 use std::usize;
 
 const LONG: &[u8] = b"mary had a little lamb, little lamb, little lamb";
@@ -288,6 +291,7 @@ fn split_to_uninitialized() {
 }
 
 #[test]
+#[cfg_attr(not(panic = "unwind"), ignore)]
 fn split_off_to_at_gt_len() {
     fn make_bytes() -> Bytes {
         let mut bytes = BytesMut::with_capacity(100);
@@ -598,6 +602,28 @@ fn extend_mut_from_bytes() {
     assert_eq!(*bytes, LONG[..]);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn extend_past_lower_limit_of_size_hint() {
+    // See https://github.com/tokio-rs/bytes/pull/674#pullrequestreview-1913035700
+    struct Iter<I>(I);
+
+    impl<I: Iterator<Item = u8>> Iterator for Iter<I> {
+        type Item = u8;
+
+        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+            self.0.next()
+        }
+
+        fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+            (5, None)
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut bytes = BytesMut::with_capacity(5);
+    bytes.extend(Iter(std::iter::repeat(0).take(10)));
+    assert_eq!(bytes.len(), 10);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn extend_mut_without_size_hint() {
     let mut bytes = BytesMut::with_capacity(0);
@@ -654,6 +680,43 @@ fn advance_bytes_mut() {
     assert_eq!(a, b"d zomg wat wat"[..]);
 }
 
+// Ensures BytesMut::advance reduces always capacity
+//
+// See https://github.com/tokio-rs/bytes/issues/725
+#[test]
+fn advance_bytes_mut_remaining_capacity() {
+    // reduce the search space under miri
+    let max_capacity = if cfg!(miri) { 16 } else { 256 };
+    for capacity in 0..=max_capacity {
+        for len in 0..=capacity {
+            for advance in 0..=len {
+                eprintln!("testing capacity={capacity}, len={len}, advance={advance}");
+                let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(capacity);
+
+                buf.resize(len, 42);
+                assert_eq!(buf.len(), len, "resize should write `len` bytes");
+                assert_eq!(
+                    buf.remaining(),
+                    len,
+                    "Buf::remaining() should equal BytesMut::len"
+                );
+
+                buf.advance(advance);
+                assert_eq!(
+                    buf.remaining(),
+                    len - advance,
+                    "Buf::advance should reduce the remaining len"
+                );
+                assert_eq!(
+                    buf.capacity(),
+                    capacity - advance,
+                    "Buf::advance should reduce the remaining capacity"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 #[should_panic]
 fn advance_past_len() {
@@ -665,6 +728,7 @@ fn advance_past_len() {
 // Only run these tests on little endian systems. CI uses qemu for testing
 // big endian... and qemu doesn't really support threading all that well.
 #[cfg(any(miri, target_endian = "little"))]
+#[cfg(not(target_family = "wasm"))] // wasm without experimental threads proposal doesn't support threads
 fn stress() {
     // Tests promoting a buffer from a vec -> shared in a concurrent situation
     use std::sync::{Arc, Barrier};
@@ -710,97 +774,6 @@ fn partial_eq_bytesmut() {
     assert!(bytesmut != bytes2);
 }
 
-/*
-#[test]
-fn bytes_unsplit_basic() {
-    let buf = Bytes::from(&b"aaabbbcccddd"[..]);
-
-    let splitted = buf.split_off(6);
-    assert_eq!(b"aaabbb", &buf[..]);
-    assert_eq!(b"cccddd", &splitted[..]);
-
-    buf.unsplit(splitted);
-    assert_eq!(b"aaabbbcccddd", &buf[..]);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn bytes_unsplit_empty_other() {
-    let buf = Bytes::from(&b"aaabbbcccddd"[..]);
-
-    // empty other
-    let other = Bytes::new();
-
-    buf.unsplit(other);
-    assert_eq!(b"aaabbbcccddd", &buf[..]);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn bytes_unsplit_empty_self() {
-    // empty self
-    let mut buf = Bytes::new();
-
-    let mut other = Bytes::with_capacity(64);
-    other.extend_from_slice(b"aaabbbcccddd");
-
-    buf.unsplit(other);
-    assert_eq!(b"aaabbbcccddd", &buf[..]);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn bytes_unsplit_arc_different() {
-    let mut buf = Bytes::with_capacity(64);
-    buf.extend_from_slice(b"aaaabbbbeeee");
-
-    buf.split_off(8); //arc
-
-    let mut buf2 = Bytes::with_capacity(64);
-    buf2.extend_from_slice(b"ccccddddeeee");
-
-    buf2.split_off(8); //arc
-
-    buf.unsplit(buf2);
-    assert_eq!(b"aaaabbbbccccdddd", &buf[..]);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn bytes_unsplit_arc_non_contiguous() {
-    let mut buf = Bytes::with_capacity(64);
-    buf.extend_from_slice(b"aaaabbbbeeeeccccdddd");
-
-    let mut buf2 = buf.split_off(8); //arc
-
-    let buf3 = buf2.split_off(4); //arc
-
-    buf.unsplit(buf3);
-    assert_eq!(b"aaaabbbbccccdddd", &buf[..]);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn bytes_unsplit_two_split_offs() {
-    let mut buf = Bytes::with_capacity(64);
-    buf.extend_from_slice(b"aaaabbbbccccdddd");
-
-    let mut buf2 = buf.split_off(8); //arc
-    let buf3 = buf2.split_off(4); //arc
-
-    buf2.unsplit(buf3);
-    buf.unsplit(buf2);
-    assert_eq!(b"aaaabbbbccccdddd", &buf[..]);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn bytes_unsplit_overlapping_references() {
-    let mut buf = Bytes::with_capacity(64);
-    buf.extend_from_slice(b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
-    let mut buf0010 = buf.slice(0..10);
-    let buf1020 = buf.slice(10..20);
-    let buf0515 = buf.slice(5..15);
-    buf0010.unsplit(buf1020);
-    assert_eq!(b"abcdefghijklmnopqrst", &buf0010[..]);
-    assert_eq!(b"fghijklmno", &buf0515[..]);
-}
-*/
-
 #[test]
 fn bytes_mut_unsplit_basic() {
     let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);
@@ -1208,3 +1181,469 @@ fn test_bytes_capacity_len() {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn static_is_unique() {
+    let b = Bytes::from_static(LONG);
+    assert!(!b.is_unique());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn vec_is_unique() {
+    let v: Vec<u8> = LONG.to_vec();
+    let b = Bytes::from(v);
+    assert!(b.is_unique());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn arc_is_unique() {
+    let v: Vec<u8> = LONG.to_vec();
+    let b = Bytes::from(v);
+    let c = b.clone();
+    assert!(!b.is_unique());
+    drop(c);
+    assert!(b.is_unique());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shared_is_unique() {
+    let v: Vec<u8> = LONG.to_vec();
+    let b = Bytes::from(v);
+    let c = b.clone();
+    assert!(!c.is_unique());
+    drop(b);
+    assert!(c.is_unique());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn mut_shared_is_unique() {
+    let mut b = BytesMut::from(LONG);
+    let c = b.split().freeze();
+    assert!(!c.is_unique());
+    drop(b);
+    assert!(c.is_unique());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_static() {
+    let bs = b"1b23exfcz3r";
+
+    // Test STATIC_VTABLE.to_mut
+    let bytes_mut = BytesMut::from(Bytes::from_static(bs));
+    assert_eq!(bytes_mut, bs[..]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_bytes_mut_vec() {
+    let bs = b"1b23exfcz3r";
+    let bs_long = b"1b23exfcz3r1b23exfcz3r";
+
+    // Test case where kind == KIND_VEC
+    let mut bytes_mut: BytesMut = bs[..].into();
+    bytes_mut = BytesMut::from(bytes_mut.freeze());
+    assert_eq!(bytes_mut, bs[..]);
+    bytes_mut.extend_from_slice(&bs[..]);
+    assert_eq!(bytes_mut, bs_long[..]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_bytes_mut_shared() {
+    let bs = b"1b23exfcz3r";
+
+    // Set kind to KIND_ARC so that after freeze, Bytes will use bytes_mut.SHARED_VTABLE
+    let mut bytes_mut: BytesMut = bs[..].into();
+    drop(bytes_mut.split_off(bs.len()));
+
+    let b1 = bytes_mut.freeze();
+    let b2 = b1.clone();
+
+    // shared.is_unique() = False
+    let mut b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, bs[..]);
+    b1m[0] = b'9';
+
+    // shared.is_unique() = True
+    let b2m = BytesMut::from(b2);
+    assert_eq!(b2m, bs[..]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_bytes_mut_offset() {
+    let bs = b"1b23exfcz3r";
+
+    // Test bytes_mut.SHARED_VTABLE.to_mut impl where offset != 0
+    let mut bytes_mut1: BytesMut = bs[..].into();
+    let bytes_mut2 = bytes_mut1.split_off(9);
+
+    let b1 = bytes_mut1.freeze();
+    let b2 = bytes_mut2.freeze();
+
+    let b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    let b2m = BytesMut::from(b2);
+
+    assert_eq!(b2m, bs[9..]);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, bs[..9]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_promotable_even_vec() {
+    let vec = vec![33u8; 1024];
+
+    // Test case where kind == KIND_VEC
+    let b1 = Bytes::from(vec.clone());
+    let b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_promotable_even_arc_1() {
+    let vec = vec![33u8; 1024];
+
+    // Test case where kind == KIND_ARC, ref_cnt == 1
+    let b1 = Bytes::from(vec.clone());
+    drop(b1.clone());
+    let b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_promotable_even_arc_2() {
+    let vec = vec![33u8; 1024];
+
+    // Test case where kind == KIND_ARC, ref_cnt == 2
+    let b1 = Bytes::from(vec.clone());
+    let b2 = b1.clone();
+    let b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, vec);
+
+    // Test case where vtable = SHARED_VTABLE, kind == KIND_ARC, ref_cnt == 1
+    let b2m = BytesMut::from(b2);
+    assert_eq!(b2m, vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_promotable_even_arc_offset() {
+    let vec = vec![33u8; 1024];
+
+    // Test case where offset != 0
+    let mut b1 = Bytes::from(vec.clone());
+    let b2 = b1.split_off(20);
+    let b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    let b2m = BytesMut::from(b2);
+
+    assert_eq!(b2m, vec[20..]);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, vec[..20]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn try_reclaim_empty() {
+    let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
+    assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+    buf.reserve(6);
+    assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+    let cap = buf.capacity();
+    assert!(cap >= 6);
+    assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(cap + 1));
+
+    let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
+    buf.reserve(6);
+    let cap = buf.capacity();
+    assert!(cap >= 6);
+    let mut split = buf.split();
+    drop(buf);
+    assert_eq!(0, split.capacity());
+    assert_eq!(true, split.try_reclaim(6));
+    assert_eq!(false, split.try_reclaim(cap + 1));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn try_reclaim_vec() {
+    let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(6);
+    buf.put_slice(b"abc");
+    // Reclaiming a ludicrous amount of space should calmly return false
+    assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(usize::MAX));
+
+    assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+    buf.advance(2);
+    assert_eq!(4, buf.capacity());
+    // We can reclaim 5 bytes, because the byte in the buffer can be moved to the front. 6 bytes
+    // cannot be reclaimed because there is already one byte stored
+    assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+    assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(5));
+    buf.advance(1);
+    assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+    assert_eq!(6, buf.capacity());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn try_reclaim_arc() {
+    let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(6);
+    buf.put_slice(b"abc");
+    let x = buf.split().freeze();
+    buf.put_slice(b"def");
+    // Reclaiming a ludicrous amount of space should calmly return false
+    assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(usize::MAX));
+
+    let y = buf.split().freeze();
+    let z = y.clone();
+    assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+    drop(x);
+    drop(z);
+    assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+    drop(y);
+    assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+    assert_eq!(6, buf.capacity());
+    assert_eq!(0, buf.len());
+    buf.put_slice(b"abc");
+    buf.put_slice(b"def");
+    assert_eq!(6, buf.capacity());
+    assert_eq!(6, buf.len());
+    assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+    buf.advance(4);
+    assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(4));
+    buf.advance(2);
+    assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(6));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn split_off_empty_addr() {
+    let mut buf = Bytes::from(vec![0; 1024]);
+
+    let ptr_start = buf.as_ptr();
+    let ptr_end = ptr_start.wrapping_add(1024);
+
+    let empty_end = buf.split_off(1024);
+    assert_eq!(empty_end.len(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(empty_end.as_ptr(), ptr_end);
+
+    let _ = buf.split_off(0);
+    assert_eq!(buf.len(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(buf.as_ptr(), ptr_start);
+
+    // Is miri happy about the provenance?
+    let _ = &empty_end[..];
+    let _ = &buf[..];
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn split_to_empty_addr() {
+    let mut buf = Bytes::from(vec![0; 1024]);
+
+    let ptr_start = buf.as_ptr();
+    let ptr_end = ptr_start.wrapping_add(1024);
+
+    let empty_start = buf.split_to(0);
+    assert_eq!(empty_start.len(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(empty_start.as_ptr(), ptr_start);
+
+    let _ = buf.split_to(1024);
+    assert_eq!(buf.len(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(buf.as_ptr(), ptr_end);
+
+    // Is miri happy about the provenance?
+    let _ = &empty_start[..];
+    let _ = &buf[..];
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn split_off_empty_addr_mut() {
+    let mut buf = BytesMut::from([0; 1024].as_slice());
+
+    let ptr_start = buf.as_ptr();
+    let ptr_end = ptr_start.wrapping_add(1024);
+
+    let empty_end = buf.split_off(1024);
+    assert_eq!(empty_end.len(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(empty_end.as_ptr(), ptr_end);
+
+    let _ = buf.split_off(0);
+    assert_eq!(buf.len(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(buf.as_ptr(), ptr_start);
+
+    // Is miri happy about the provenance?
+    let _ = &empty_end[..];
+    let _ = &buf[..];
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn split_to_empty_addr_mut() {
+    let mut buf = BytesMut::from([0; 1024].as_slice());
+
+    let ptr_start = buf.as_ptr();
+    let ptr_end = ptr_start.wrapping_add(1024);
+
+    let empty_start = buf.split_to(0);
+    assert_eq!(empty_start.len(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(empty_start.as_ptr(), ptr_start);
+
+    let _ = buf.split_to(1024);
+    assert_eq!(buf.len(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(buf.as_ptr(), ptr_end);
+
+    // Is miri happy about the provenance?
+    let _ = &empty_start[..];
+    let _ = &buf[..];
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct SharedAtomicCounter(Arc<AtomicUsize>);
+
+impl SharedAtomicCounter {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        SharedAtomicCounter(Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn increment(&self) {
+        self.0.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self) -> usize {
+        self.0.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct OwnedTester<const L: usize> {
+    buf: [u8; L],
+    drop_count: SharedAtomicCounter,
+    pub panic_as_ref: bool,
+}
+
+impl<const L: usize> OwnedTester<L> {
+    fn new(buf: [u8; L], drop_count: SharedAtomicCounter) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            buf,
+            drop_count,
+            panic_as_ref: false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<const L: usize> AsRef<[u8]> for OwnedTester<L> {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        if self.panic_as_ref {
+            panic!("test-triggered panic in `AsRef<[u8]> for OwnedTester`");
+        }
+        self.buf.as_slice()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<const L: usize> Drop for OwnedTester<L> {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.drop_count.increment();
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn owned_is_unique_always_false() {
+    let b1 = Bytes::from_owner([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
+    assert!(!b1.is_unique()); // even if ref_cnt == 1
+    let b2 = b1.clone();
+    assert!(!b1.is_unique());
+    assert!(!b2.is_unique());
+    drop(b1);
+    assert!(!b2.is_unique()); // even if ref_cnt == 1
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn owned_buf_sharing() {
+    let buf = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
+    let b1 = Bytes::from_owner(buf);
+    let b2 = b1.clone();
+    assert_eq!(&buf[..], &b1[..]);
+    assert_eq!(&buf[..], &b2[..]);
+    assert_eq!(b1.as_ptr(), b2.as_ptr());
+    assert_eq!(b1.len(), b2.len());
+    assert_eq!(b1.len(), buf.len());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn owned_buf_slicing() {
+    let b1 = Bytes::from_owner(SHORT);
+    assert_eq!(SHORT, &b1[..]);
+    let b2 = b1.slice(1..(b1.len() - 1));
+    assert_eq!(&SHORT[1..(SHORT.len() - 1)], b2);
+    assert_eq!(unsafe { SHORT.as_ptr().add(1) }, b2.as_ptr());
+    assert_eq!(SHORT.len() - 2, b2.len());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn owned_dropped_exactly_once() {
+    let buf: [u8; 5] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    let drop_counter = SharedAtomicCounter::new();
+    let owner = OwnedTester::new(buf, drop_counter.clone());
+    let b1 = Bytes::from_owner(owner);
+    let b2 = b1.clone();
+    assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 0);
+    drop(b1);
+    assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 0);
+    let b3 = b2.slice(1..b2.len() - 1);
+    drop(b2);
+    assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 0);
+    drop(b3);
+    assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn owned_to_mut() {
+    let buf: [u8; 10] = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
+    let drop_counter = SharedAtomicCounter::new();
+    let owner = OwnedTester::new(buf, drop_counter.clone());
+    let b1 = Bytes::from_owner(owner);
+
+    // Holding an owner will fail converting to a BytesMut,
+    // even when the bytes instance has a ref_cnt == 1.
+    let b1 = b1.try_into_mut().unwrap_err();
+
+    // That said, it's still possible, just not cheap.
+    let bm1: BytesMut = b1.into();
+    let new_buf = &bm1[..];
+    assert_eq!(new_buf, &buf[..]);
+
+    // `.into::<BytesMut>()` has correctly dropped the owner
+    assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn owned_to_vec() {
+    let buf: [u8; 10] = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
+    let drop_counter = SharedAtomicCounter::new();
+    let owner = OwnedTester::new(buf, drop_counter.clone());
+    let b1 = Bytes::from_owner(owner);
+
+    let v1 = b1.to_vec();
+    assert_eq!(&v1[..], &buf[..]);
+    assert_eq!(&v1[..], &b1[..]);
+
+    drop(b1);
+    assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn owned_into_vec() {
+    let drop_counter = SharedAtomicCounter::new();
+    let buf: [u8; 10] = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
+    let owner = OwnedTester::new(buf, drop_counter.clone());
+    let b1 = Bytes::from_owner(owner);
+
+    let v1: Vec<u8> = b1.into();
+    assert_eq!(&v1[..], &buf[..]);
+    // into() vec will copy out of the owner and drop it
+    assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[cfg_attr(not(panic = "unwind"), ignore)]
+fn owned_safe_drop_on_as_ref_panic() {
+    let buf: [u8; 10] = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
+    let drop_counter = SharedAtomicCounter::new();
+    let mut owner = OwnedTester::new(buf, drop_counter.clone());
+    owner.panic_as_ref = true;
+
+    let result = panic::catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| {
+        let _ = Bytes::from_owner(owner);
+    }));
+
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+    assert_eq!(drop_counter.get(), 1);
+}

tests/test_bytes_odd_alloc.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 use std::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout, System};
 use std::ptr;
 
-use bytes::Bytes;
+use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
 
 #[global_allocator]
 static ODD: Odd = Odd;
@@ -95,3 +95,53 @@ fn test_bytes_into_vec() {
     assert_eq!(Vec::from(b2), vec[20..]);
     assert_eq!(Vec::from(b1), vec[..20]);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_vec() {
+    let vec = vec![33u8; 1024];
+
+    // Test case where kind == KIND_VEC
+    let b1 = Bytes::from(vec.clone());
+    let b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_arc_1() {
+    let vec = vec![33u8; 1024];
+
+    // Test case where kind == KIND_ARC, ref_cnt == 1
+    let b1 = Bytes::from(vec.clone());
+    drop(b1.clone());
+    let b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_arc_2() {
+    let vec = vec![33u8; 1024];
+
+    // Test case where kind == KIND_ARC, ref_cnt == 2
+    let b1 = Bytes::from(vec.clone());
+    let b2 = b1.clone();
+    let b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, vec);
+
+    // Test case where vtable = SHARED_VTABLE, kind == KIND_ARC, ref_cnt == 1
+    let b2m = BytesMut::from(b2);
+    assert_eq!(b2m, vec);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_bytesmut_from_bytes_arc_offset() {
+    let vec = vec![33u8; 1024];
+
+    // Test case where offset != 0
+    let mut b1 = Bytes::from(vec.clone());
+    let b2 = b1.split_off(20);
+    let b1m = BytesMut::from(b1);
+    let b2m = BytesMut::from(b2);
+
+    assert_eq!(b2m, vec[20..]);
+    assert_eq!(b1m, vec[..20]);
+}

tests/test_bytes_vec_alloc.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![cfg(not(miri))]
 use std::alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout, System};
 use std::ptr::null_mut;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicPtr, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ use bytes::{Buf, Bytes};
 #[global_allocator]
 static LEDGER: Ledger = Ledger::new();
 
-const LEDGER_LENGTH: usize = 2048;
+const LEDGER_LENGTH: usize = 1024 * 1024;
 
 struct Ledger {
     alloc_table: [(AtomicPtr<u8>, AtomicUsize); LEDGER_LENGTH],
@@ -31,9 +32,11 @@ impl Ledger {
                 .is_ok()
             {
                 entry_size.store(size, Ordering::SeqCst);
-                break;
+                return;
             }
         }
+
+        panic!("Ledger ran out of space.");
     }
 
     fn remove(&self, ptr: *mut u8) -> usize {

tests/test_iter.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #![warn(rust_2018_idioms)]
 
-use bytes::Bytes;
+use bytes::{buf::IntoIter, Bytes};
 
 #[test]
 fn iter_len() {
     let buf = Bytes::from_static(b"hello world");
-    let iter = buf.iter();
+    let iter = IntoIter::new(buf);
 
     assert_eq!(iter.size_hint(), (11, Some(11)));
     assert_eq!(iter.len(), 11);
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ fn iter_len() {
 
 #[test]
 fn empty_iter_len() {
-    let buf = Bytes::from_static(b"");
-    let iter = buf.iter();
+    let buf = Bytes::new();
+    let iter = IntoIter::new(buf);
 
     assert_eq!(iter.size_hint(), (0, Some(0)));
     assert_eq!(iter.len(), 0);

tests/test_take.rs

@@ -30,3 +30,55 @@ fn take_copy_to_bytes_panics() {
     let abcd = Bytes::copy_from_slice(b"abcd");
     abcd.take(2).copy_to_bytes(3);
 }
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+#[test]
+fn take_chunks_vectored() {
+    fn chain() -> impl Buf {
+        Bytes::from([1, 2, 3].to_vec()).chain(Bytes::from([4, 5, 6].to_vec()))
+    }
+
+    {
+        let mut dst = [std::io::IoSlice::new(&[]); 2];
+        let take = chain().take(0);
+        assert_eq!(take.chunks_vectored(&mut dst), 0);
+    }
+
+    {
+        let mut dst = [std::io::IoSlice::new(&[]); 2];
+        let take = chain().take(1);
+        assert_eq!(take.chunks_vectored(&mut dst), 1);
+        assert_eq!(&*dst[0], &[1]);
+    }
+
+    {
+        let mut dst = [std::io::IoSlice::new(&[]); 2];
+        let take = chain().take(3);
+        assert_eq!(take.chunks_vectored(&mut dst), 1);
+        assert_eq!(&*dst[0], &[1, 2, 3]);
+    }
+
+    {
+        let mut dst = [std::io::IoSlice::new(&[]); 2];
+        let take = chain().take(4);
+        assert_eq!(take.chunks_vectored(&mut dst), 2);
+        assert_eq!(&*dst[0], &[1, 2, 3]);
+        assert_eq!(&*dst[1], &[4]);
+    }
+
+    {
+        let mut dst = [std::io::IoSlice::new(&[]); 2];
+        let take = chain().take(6);
+        assert_eq!(take.chunks_vectored(&mut dst), 2);
+        assert_eq!(&*dst[0], &[1, 2, 3]);
+        assert_eq!(&*dst[1], &[4, 5, 6]);
+    }
+
+    {
+        let mut dst = [std::io::IoSlice::new(&[]); 2];
+        let take = chain().take(7);
+        assert_eq!(take.chunks_vectored(&mut dst), 2);
+        assert_eq!(&*dst[0], &[1, 2, 3]);
+        assert_eq!(&*dst[1], &[4, 5, 6]);
+    }
+}