diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 1b2eb25..becadf0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
           - --features serde
         toolchain:
           - stable
-          - 1.85.0
+          - 1.87.0
     name: test
     env:
       PKCS11_MODULE: /usr/lib/softhsm/libsofthsm2.so
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         toolchain:
           - stable
-          - 1.85.0
+          - 1.87.0
     name: test simple_login command-line example
     steps:
       - name: install expect
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         toolchain:
           - stable
-          - 1.85.0
+          - 1.87.0
     name: test digital_locker command-line example
     steps:
       - name: install expect
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index cab9d58..0306bec 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 4.1.0-pre.2 (March 26, 2026)
+* Upgraded ml-kem from 0.2 to 0.3.0-rc.0
+* Increased MSRV to 1.87
+
 ## 4.1.0-pre.1 (November 17, 2025)
 * Added ml-kem re-export behind the kem feature
 
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 549a193..a134888 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ license = "Apache-2.0 OR MIT"
 name = "opaque-ke"
 readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/facebook/opaque-ke"
-rust-version = "1.85"
-version = "4.1.0-pre.1"
+rust-version = "1.87"
+version = "4.1.0-pre.2"
 
 [features]
 argon2 = ["dep:argon2"]
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ curve25519 = ["dep:curve25519-dalek"]
 default = ["ristretto255", "serde"]
 ecdsa = ["dep:ecdsa", "dep:rfc6979"]
 ed25519 = ["dep:curve25519-dalek", "dep:ed25519-dalek"]
-kem = ["dep:ml-kem"]
+kem = ["dep:ml-kem", "dep:rand_core_10"]
 ristretto255 = ["dep:curve25519-dalek", "voprf/ristretto255-ciphersuite"]
 serde = [
   "dep:serde",
@@ -54,10 +54,11 @@ elliptic-curve = { version = "0.13", features = ["hash2curve", "sec1"] }
 generic-array = "=0.14.7" # pinned to avoid deprecation warnings
 hkdf = "0.12"
 hmac = "0.12"
-ml-kem = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = [
+ml-kem = { version = "0.3.0-rc.0", default-features = false, features = [
   "zeroize",
 ], optional = true }
 rand = { version = "0.8", default-features = false }
+rand_core_10 = { package = "rand_core", version = "0.10", default-features = false, optional = true }
 rfc6979 = { version = "0.4", optional = true }
 serde = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
   "derive",
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ getrandom = { version = "0.2", features = ["js"], optional = true }
 anyhow = "1"
 bincode = "1"
 chacha20poly1305 = "0.10"
-criterion = "0.7"
+criterion = "0.8"
 cryptoki = "0.9"
 elliptic-curve = { version = "0.13", features = ["alloc", "pkcs8"] }
 hex = "0.4"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 3fcb390..d24e595 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ Installation
 Add the following line to the dependencies of your `Cargo.toml`:
 
 ```
-opaque-ke = "4.1.0-pre.1"
+opaque-ke = "4.1.0-pre.2"
 ```
 
 ### Minimum Supported Rust Version
 
-Rust **1.85** or higher.
+Rust **1.87** or higher.
 
 Audit
 -----
diff --git a/src/key_exchange/tripledh_kem.rs b/src/key_exchange/tripledh_kem.rs
index ef7553c..099cbeb 100644
--- a/src/key_exchange/tripledh_kem.rs
+++ b/src/key_exchange/tripledh_kem.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 //! the generic `ml-kem` abstractions into the existing OPAQUE key-exchange
 //! pipeline.
 
-use core::convert::TryFrom;
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 use core::marker::PhantomData;
 use core::ops::Add;
@@ -29,9 +28,11 @@ use digest::{Digest, Output};
 use generic_array::sequence::Concat;
 use generic_array::typenum::{IsLess, Le, NonZero, Sum, U256};
 use generic_array::{ArrayLength, GenericArray};
-use ml_kem::kem::{Decapsulate, Encapsulate};
-use ml_kem::{
-    Ciphertext as MlKemCiphertext, Encoded, EncodedSizeUser, KemCore, SharedKey as MlKemSharedKey,
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+use ml_kem::ExpandedKeyEncoding;
+use ml_kem::kem::{
+    Ciphertext as MlKemCiphertext, Decapsulate, Encapsulate, Kem as MlKemTrait, KeyExport,
+    KeySizeUser, TryKeyInit,
 };
 use rand::{CryptoRng, RngCore};
 use subtle::{ConstantTimeEq, CtOption};
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ use super::{
     SerializedIdentifiers,
 };
 use crate::ciphersuite::{CipherSuite, KeGroup};
-use crate::errors::{InternalError, ProtocolError};
+use crate::errors::ProtocolError;
 use crate::hash::{Hash, OutputSize, ProxyHash};
 use crate::key_exchange::group::Group;
 use crate::keypair::{PrivateKey, PublicKey};
@@ -115,16 +116,42 @@ pub trait KemCoreWrapper {
     ) -> Result<GenericArray<u8, Self::SharedSecretLen>, ProtocolError>;
 }
 
-type RcEncapsulationKeyLen<K> = <<K as KemCore>::EncapsulationKey as EncodedSizeUser>::EncodedSize;
-type RcDecapsulationKeyLen<K> = <<K as KemCore>::DecapsulationKey as EncodedSizeUser>::EncodedSize;
-type RcCiphertextLen<K> = <K as KemCore>::CiphertextSize;
-type RcSharedSecretLen<K> = <K as KemCore>::SharedKeySize;
+/// Adapter to bridge `rand 0.8` (`rand_core 0.6`) RNGs to `rand_core 0.10`
+/// which is required by `ml-kem 0.3.x`.
+struct RngCompat<'a, R>(&'a mut R);
 
+impl<R: RngCore> rand_core_10::TryRng for RngCompat<'_, R> {
+    type Error = core::convert::Infallible;
+
+    fn try_next_u32(&mut self) -> Result<u32, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(self.0.next_u32())
+    }
+
+    fn try_next_u64(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(self.0.next_u64())
+    }
+
+    fn try_fill_bytes(&mut self, dst: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        self.0.fill_bytes(dst);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: RngCore + CryptoRng> rand_core_10::TryCryptoRng for RngCompat<'_, R> {}
+
+type RcEncapsulationKeyLen<K> = <<K as MlKemTrait>::EncapsulationKey as KeySizeUser>::KeySize;
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+type RcDecapsulationKeyLen<K> =
+    <<K as MlKemTrait>::DecapsulationKey as ExpandedKeyEncoding>::EncodedSize;
+type RcCiphertextLen<K> = <K as MlKemTrait>::CiphertextSize;
+type RcSharedSecretLen<K> = <K as MlKemTrait>::SharedKeySize;
+
+#[allow(deprecated)]
 impl<K> KemCoreWrapper for K
 where
-    K: KemCore,
-    K::EncapsulationKey: Encapsulate<MlKemCiphertext<K>, MlKemSharedKey<K>> + Clone,
-    K::DecapsulationKey: Decapsulate<MlKemCiphertext<K>, MlKemSharedKey<K>> + Clone + ZeroizeOnDrop,
+    K: MlKemTrait,
+    K::EncapsulationKey: Encapsulate<Kem = K> + KeyExport + TryKeyInit + Clone,
+    K::DecapsulationKey: Decapsulate<Kem = K> + ExpandedKeyEncoding + Clone + ZeroizeOnDrop,
     RcEncapsulationKeyLen<K>: ArrayLength<u8>,
     RcDecapsulationKeyLen<K>: ArrayLength<u8>,
     RcCiphertextLen<K>: ArrayLength<u8>,
@@ -140,13 +167,13 @@ where
     fn generate<R: RngCore + CryptoRng>(
         rng: &mut R,
     ) -> Result<(Self::DecapsulationKey, Self::EncapsulationKey), ProtocolError> {
-        Ok(K::generate(rng))
+        Ok(K::generate_keypair_from_rng(&mut RngCompat(rng)))
     }
 
     fn serialize_encapsulation_key(
         key: &Self::EncapsulationKey,
     ) -> GenericArray<u8, Self::EncapsulationKeyLen> {
-        GenericArray::clone_from_slice(key.as_bytes().as_slice())
+        GenericArray::clone_from_slice(key.to_bytes().as_slice())
     }
 
     fn deserialize_encapsulation_key(
@@ -154,15 +181,15 @@ where
     ) -> Result<Self::EncapsulationKey, ProtocolError> {
         let bytes: GenericArray<u8, RcEncapsulationKeyLen<K>> =
             input.take_array("kem encapsulation key")?;
-        let encoded = Encoded::<K::EncapsulationKey>::try_from(bytes.as_slice())
+        let key = ml_kem::array::Array::try_from(bytes.as_slice())
             .map_err(|_| ProtocolError::SerializationError)?;
-        Ok(K::EncapsulationKey::from_bytes(&encoded))
+        TryKeyInit::new(&key).map_err(|_| ProtocolError::SerializationError)
     }
 
     fn serialize_decapsulation_key(
         key: &Self::DecapsulationKey,
     ) -> GenericArray<u8, Self::DecapsulationKeyLen> {
-        GenericArray::clone_from_slice(key.as_bytes().as_slice())
+        GenericArray::clone_from_slice(key.to_expanded_bytes().as_slice())
     }
 
     fn deserialize_decapsulation_key(
@@ -170,9 +197,10 @@ where
     ) -> Result<Self::DecapsulationKey, ProtocolError> {
         let bytes: GenericArray<u8, RcDecapsulationKeyLen<K>> =
             input.take_array("kem decapsulation key")?;
-        let encoded = Encoded::<K::DecapsulationKey>::try_from(bytes.as_slice())
+        let key = ml_kem::array::Array::try_from(bytes.as_slice())
             .map_err(|_| ProtocolError::SerializationError)?;
-        Ok(K::DecapsulationKey::from_bytes(&encoded))
+        K::DecapsulationKey::from_expanded_bytes(&key)
+            .map_err(|_| ProtocolError::SerializationError)
     }
 
     fn encapsulate<R: RngCore + CryptoRng>(
@@ -185,14 +213,11 @@ where
         ),
         ProtocolError,
     > {
-        key.encapsulate(rng)
-            .map(|(ciphertext, shared)| {
-                (
-                    GenericArray::clone_from_slice(ciphertext.as_slice()),
-                    GenericArray::clone_from_slice(shared.as_slice()),
-                )
-            })
-            .map_err(|_| ProtocolError::LibraryError(InternalError::KemError))
+        let (ciphertext, shared) = key.encapsulate_with_rng(&mut RngCompat(rng));
+        Ok((
+            GenericArray::clone_from_slice(ciphertext.as_slice()),
+            GenericArray::clone_from_slice(shared.as_slice()),
+        ))
     }
 
     fn decapsulate(
@@ -201,9 +226,8 @@ where
     ) -> Result<GenericArray<u8, Self::SharedSecretLen>, ProtocolError> {
         let ciphertext = MlKemCiphertext::<K>::try_from(encapsulated_key.as_slice())
             .map_err(|_| ProtocolError::SerializationError)?;
-        key.decapsulate(&ciphertext)
-            .map(|shared| GenericArray::clone_from_slice(shared.as_slice()))
-            .map_err(|_| ProtocolError::LibraryError(InternalError::KemError))
+        let shared = key.decapsulate(&ciphertext);
+        Ok(GenericArray::clone_from_slice(shared.as_slice()))
     }
 }
 /// Triple Diffie-Hellman-style key exchange that offloads the second hop to a
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 0807453..f9cd29c 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 //!
 //! ### Minimum Supported Rust Version
 //!
-//! Rust **1.85** or higher.
+//! Rust **1.87** or higher.
 //!
 //! # Overview
 //!
@@ -1383,9 +1383,10 @@ mod tests;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "argon2")]
 pub use argon2;
+pub use generic_array;
 #[cfg(feature = "kem")]
 pub use ml_kem;
-pub use {generic_array, rand};
+pub use rand;
 
 pub use crate::ciphersuite::CipherSuite;
 #[cfg(feature = "curve25519")]