time: make test-util paused time fully deterministic (#3492)

The time driver stores an Instant internally used as a "base" for future
time calculations. Since this is generated as the Runtime is being
constructed, it previously always happened before the user had a chance
to pause time. The fractional-millisecond variations in the timing
around the runtime construction and time pause cause tests running
entirely in paused time to be very slightly deterministic, with the time
driver advancing time by 1 millisecond more or less depending on how the
sub-millisecond components of the `Instant`s involved compared.

To avoid this, there is now a new option on `runtime::Builder` which
will create a `Runtime` with time "instantly" paused. This, along with a
small change to have the time driver use the provided clock as the
source for its start time allow totally deterministic tests with paused
time.

tokio-macros/src/entry.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ impl RuntimeFlavor {
 struct FinalConfig {
     flavor: RuntimeFlavor,
     worker_threads: Option<usize>,
+    start_paused: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 struct Configuration {
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ struct Configuration {
     default_flavor: RuntimeFlavor,
     flavor: Option<RuntimeFlavor>,
     worker_threads: Option<(usize, Span)>,
+    start_paused: Option<(bool, Span)>,
 }
 
 impl Configuration {
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ impl Configuration {
             },
             flavor: None,
             worker_threads: None,
+            start_paused: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -79,31 +82,57 @@ impl Configuration {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    fn set_start_paused(&mut self, start_paused: syn::Lit, span: Span) -> Result<(), syn::Error> {
+        if self.start_paused.is_some() {
+            return Err(syn::Error::new(span, "`start_paused` set multiple times."));
+        }
+
+        let start_paused = parse_bool(start_paused, span, "start_paused")?;
+        self.start_paused = Some((start_paused, span));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     fn build(&self) -> Result<FinalConfig, syn::Error> {
         let flavor = self.flavor.unwrap_or(self.default_flavor);
         use RuntimeFlavor::*;
-        match (flavor, self.worker_threads) {
-            (CurrentThread, Some((_, worker_threads_span))) => Err(syn::Error::new(
-                worker_threads_span,
-                "The `worker_threads` option requires the `multi_thread` runtime flavor.",
-            )),
-            (CurrentThread, None) => Ok(FinalConfig {
-                flavor,
-                worker_threads: None,
-            }),
-            (Threaded, worker_threads) if self.rt_multi_thread_available => Ok(FinalConfig {
-                flavor,
-                worker_threads: worker_threads.map(|(val, _span)| val),
-            }),
+
+        let worker_threads = match (flavor, self.worker_threads) {
+            (CurrentThread, Some((_, worker_threads_span))) => {
+                return Err(syn::Error::new(
+                    worker_threads_span,
+                    "The `worker_threads` option requires the `multi_thread` runtime flavor.",
+                ))
+            }
+            (CurrentThread, None) => None,
+            (Threaded, worker_threads) if self.rt_multi_thread_available => {
+                worker_threads.map(|(val, _span)| val)
+            }
             (Threaded, _) => {
                 let msg = if self.flavor.is_none() {
                     "The default runtime flavor is `multi_thread`, but the `rt-multi-thread` feature is disabled."
                 } else {
                     "The runtime flavor `multi_thread` requires the `rt-multi-thread` feature."
                 };
-                Err(syn::Error::new(Span::call_site(), msg))
+                return Err(syn::Error::new(Span::call_site(), msg));
             }
-        }
+        };
+
+        let start_paused = match (flavor, self.start_paused) {
+            (Threaded, Some((_, start_paused_span))) => {
+                return Err(syn::Error::new(
+                    start_paused_span,
+                    "The `start_paused` option requires the `current_thread` runtime flavor.",
+                ));
+            }
+            (CurrentThread, Some((start_paused, _))) => Some(start_paused),
+            (_, None) => None,
+        };
+
+        Ok(FinalConfig {
+            flavor,
+            worker_threads,
+            start_paused,
+        })
     }
 }
 
@@ -134,6 +163,16 @@ fn parse_string(int: syn::Lit, span: Span, field: &str) -> Result<String, syn::E
     }
 }
 
+fn parse_bool(bool: syn::Lit, span: Span, field: &str) -> Result<bool, syn::Error> {
+    match bool {
+        syn::Lit::Bool(b) => Ok(b.value),
+        _ => Err(syn::Error::new(
+            span,
+            format!("Failed to parse {} as bool.", field),
+        )),
+    }
+}
+
 fn parse_knobs(
     mut input: syn::ItemFn,
     args: syn::AttributeArgs,
@@ -174,6 +213,9 @@ fn parse_knobs(
                     "flavor" => {
                         config.set_flavor(namevalue.lit.clone(), namevalue.span())?;
                     }
+                    "start_paused" => {
+                        config.set_start_paused(namevalue.lit.clone(), namevalue.span())?;
+                    }
                     "core_threads" => {
                         let msg = "Attribute `core_threads` is renamed to `worker_threads`";
                         return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(namevalue, msg));
@@ -204,11 +246,11 @@ fn parse_knobs(
                             macro_name
                         )
                     }
-                    "flavor" | "worker_threads" => {
+                    "flavor" | "worker_threads" | "start_paused" => {
                         format!("The `{}` attribute requires an argument.", name)
                     }
                     name => {
-                        format!("Unknown attribute {} is specified; expected one of: `flavor`, `worker_threads`", name)
+                        format!("Unknown attribute {} is specified; expected one of: `flavor`, `worker_threads`, `start_paused`", name)
                     }
                 };
                 return Err(syn::Error::new_spanned(path, msg));
@@ -235,6 +277,9 @@ fn parse_knobs(
     if let Some(v) = config.worker_threads {
         rt = quote! { #rt.worker_threads(#v) };
     }
+    if let Some(v) = config.start_paused {
+        rt = quote! { #rt.start_paused(#v) };
+    }
 
     let header = {
         if is_test {

tokio-macros/src/lib.rs

@@ -144,6 +144,30 @@ use proc_macro::TokenStream;
 /// }
 /// ```
 ///
+/// ### Configure the runtime to start with time paused
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// #[tokio::main(flavor = "current_thread", start_paused = true)]
+/// async fn main() {
+///     println!("Hello world");
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Equivalent code not using `#[tokio::main]`
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// fn main() {
+///     tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+///         .enable_all()
+///         .start_paused(true)
+///         .build()
+///         .unwrap()
+///         .block_on(async {
+///             println!("Hello world");
+///         })
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
 /// ### NOTE:
 ///
 /// If you rename the Tokio crate in your dependencies this macro will not work.
@@ -225,6 +249,15 @@ pub fn main_rt(args: TokenStream, item: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
 /// }
 /// ```
 ///
+/// ### Configure the runtime to start with time paused
+///
+/// ```no_run
+/// #[tokio::test(start_paused = true)]
+/// async fn my_test() {
+///     assert!(true);
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
 /// ### NOTE:
 ///
 /// If you rename the Tokio crate in your dependencies this macro will not work.