trace: Add shorthand for field::display and field::debug (#1088)

## Motivation

In `tokio-trace`, field values may be recorded as either a subset of
Rust primitive types or as `fmt::Display` and `fmt::Debug`
implementations. Currently, `tokio-trace` provides the `field::display`
and `field::debug` functions which wrap a type with a type that
implements `Value` using the wrapped type's `fmt::Display` or
`fmt::Debug` implementation. However, importing and using these
functions adds unnecessary boilerplate. 

In #1081, @jonhoo suggested adding shorthand syntax to the macros,
similar to that used by the `slog` crate, as a solution for the
wordiness of the current API.

## Solution

This branch adds `?` and `%` sigils to field values in the span and
event macros, which expand to the `field::debug` and `field::display`
wrappers, respectively. The shorthand sigils may be used in any position
where the macros take a field value.

For example:
```rust
trace_span!("foo", my_field = ?something, ...); // shorthand for `debug`
info!(foo = %value, bar = false, ...) // shorthand for `display`
```

Adding this shorthand required a fairly large change to how field
key-value pairs are handled by the macros --- since `%foo` and `%foo`
are not valid Rust expressions, we can no longer match repeated 
`$ident = $expr` patterns, and must now match field lists as repeated
token trees. The inner helper macros for constructing `FieldSet`s and
`ValueSet`s have to parse the token trees recursively. This added a
decent chunk of complexity, but fortunately we have a large number of
compile tests for the macros and I'm quite confident that all existing
invocations will still work.

Closes #1081

Signed-off-by: Eliza Weisman <[email protected]>

tokio-trace/tests/span.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@ mod support;
 
 use self::support::*;
 use std::thread;
-use tokio_trace::{field::display, subscriber::with_default, Level, Span};
+use tokio_trace::{
+    field::{debug, display},
+    subscriber::with_default,
+    Level, Span,
+};
 
 #[test]
 fn handles_to_the_same_span_are_equal() {
@@ -547,3 +551,61 @@ fn contextual_child() {
 
     handle.assert_finished();
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn display_shorthand() {
+    let (subscriber, handle) = subscriber::mock()
+        .new_span(
+            span::mock().named("my_span").with_field(
+                field::mock("my_field")
+                    .with_value(&display("hello world"))
+                    .only(),
+            ),
+        )
+        .done()
+        .run_with_handle();
+    with_default(subscriber, || {
+        span!(Level::TRACE, "my_span", my_field = %"hello world");
+    });
+
+    handle.assert_finished();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn debug_shorthand() {
+    let (subscriber, handle) = subscriber::mock()
+        .new_span(
+            span::mock().named("my_span").with_field(
+                field::mock("my_field")
+                    .with_value(&debug("hello world"))
+                    .only(),
+            ),
+        )
+        .done()
+        .run_with_handle();
+    with_default(subscriber, || {
+        span!(Level::TRACE, "my_span", my_field = ?"hello world");
+    });
+
+    handle.assert_finished();
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn both_shorthands() {
+    let (subscriber, handle) = subscriber::mock()
+        .new_span(
+            span::mock().named("my_span").with_field(
+                field::mock("display_field")
+                    .with_value(&display("hello world"))
+                    .and(field::mock("debug_field").with_value(&debug("hello world")))
+                    .only(),
+            ),
+        )
+        .done()
+        .run_with_handle();
+    with_default(subscriber, || {
+        span!(Level::TRACE, "my_span", display_field = %"hello world", debug_field = ?"hello world");
+    });
+
+    handle.assert_finished();
+}